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Saúde mental e estilo de vida dos professores da educação básica

Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Saúde mental e estilo de vida dos professores da educação básica Abstract: High rates of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases are being identified among Basic Education teachers. Education professionals face numerous challenges in their daily lives and with the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges have become even greater and can compromise the lifestyle and mental health of teachers, favoring unhealthy behaviors that directly affect the health of these professionals. Therefore, the objective was to develop two articles with the aim of, a priori, searching the literature for information about the lifestyle of teachers in basic education and evaluating the lifestyle and mental health of teachers of basic education in Uberaba - MG. and region, during the social distancing established due to COVID-19. The first article is an integrative literature review with a search in information sources US National Library of Medicine National Institutes Database Search of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Embase and Cochrane, with articles published between 2016 and June 2021, using sensitized strategies, the terms were selected in the Decs- Descriptors in Health Sciences and Medical Subject Headings “School Teachers”, “Lifestyle” and or “Healthy Lifestyle”. The review resulted in eight articles that demonstrated a high percentage of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Body Mass Index in the overweight and obesity range, physical inactivity, inadequate diet, poor sleep quality, in addition to high levels of Burnout syndrome. The review showed that teachers have an inadequate lifestyle. The second article is a cross-sectional study carried out with Basic Education teachers who work in schools registered in the regional superintendence of education in Uberaba and in the Municipal Education Department of Uberaba - Minas Gerais, from August 2020 to December 2021. The study was carried out with 266 teachers and identified a prevalence of female participants (92.1%), with a mean age of 44.22 (SD = 8.57) years, living with a partner (60 .5%) and with a lato sensu and/or stricto sensu postgraduate degree (67.7%). Regarding lifestyle, 46.6% were classified as having good adherence to healthy habits. Even the lifestyle being classified as "good", the participants had 47.8% of up to 2 diseases, and 36.2% more than 3 diseases diagnosed, so women are more susceptible to mental suffering. The study also allows us to conclude that among the eight domains evaluated in this study, the domain “Trust in God” is the most practiced, followed by the sun and air domains. The highest rates of mental health are associated with rest and temperance, with greater commitment being observed in females, however, the majority (56%) of teachers are susceptible to having mild mental suffering. We emphasize that this information is useful for conducting new research and for guidance aimed at the lifestyle and health of Basic Education teachers. Tipo: Dissertação

Dor crônica musculoesquelética e qualidade de vida em idosos usuários da atenção primária à saúde

Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Dor crônica musculoesquelética e qualidade de vida em idosos usuários da atenção primária à saúde Abstract: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is recognized as a public health problem, given its prevalence and its social and economic impacts on the health system. It is estimated that 39% of the Brazilian population suffers from chronic pain, causing a reduction in functional performance, work ability and other activities that compromise quality of life. Several physiological and pathological processes related to aging can cause or worsen chronic pain and its impact on the quality of life of the elderly. Brazilian older population is mostly user of the unified health system, especially primary health care, which absorbs a large part of the demand for care for this population. However, no studies were found on chronic pain in older people assisted in primary health care. Understanding the characteristics of chronic musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with quality of life in this context of health care can expand the possibilities of primary and secondary prevention and support the development of resolute actions, in order to promote quality of life for people in the process of aging. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 201 older adults attending Health Units located in Uberaba-MG. Three HU were drawn, one in each health district, in order to enable the representativeness of the population that uses the primary health care network in the municipality. Data collection took place in 2019, in health facilities, by trained researchers. Chronic musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), being defined as a sensation of pain in at least one of the nine regions of the body in the last 3 months. Data analyzes were bivariate and multivariate, according to the objectives of each article/product, adopting a 95% confidence interval. The results were discussed along two articles. In the first article, the objective was to investigate the factors associated with the presence of chronic musculoskeletal pain among older adults attending primary health care. It was observed that depressive symptoms, multimorbidities and frailty were associated with the presence of chronic musculoskeletal pain, whihc was a prevalent condition. The second aimed to investigate whether chronic musculoskeletal pain is related to the perceived quality of life, considering the influence of health indicators and contextual aspects. Studies have shown that the prevalence of chronic pain among older adults attending primary care is high, has an impact on quality of life which is influenced by body mass index, depressive symptoms and sleep satisfaction. Management of older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain in primary care should be based on the biopsychosocial model, which considers the influence of different aspects on the manifestation of pain and its impact on quality of life. Approaches should include health and mental health behaviors, in order to promote quality of life. Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito do exercício aeróbico comparado a um treino de força na capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: ensaio clínico randomizado tipo crossover

Thu, 28 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito do exercício aeróbico comparado a um treino de força na capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: ensaio clínico randomizado tipo crossover Abstract: Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects the functional capacity and quality of life of patients due to its motor and non-motor symptoms. Given the increasing relevance of non-pharmacological interventions, physical exercise has shown promise in managing these symptoms. This master's work resulted in the preparation of two scientific articles: the first describes the protocol of a randomized clinical trial that evaluates the effects of aerobic training and multimodal training in individuals with PD; the second presents the results of a randomized crossover clinical trial that compared the effects of aerobic training and strength training. Objectives: Develop a protocol to evaluate the effects of different types of physical exercise (aerobic and multimodal) in patients with PD and analyze the impacts of aerobic training and strength training on the functional capacity and quality of life of patients with the disease. Methods: The first article describes a randomized, double-blind clinical trial protocol, which will be applied to patients with idiopathic PD in stages I, II and III of the Hoehn & Yahr scale, randomly allocated into two intervention groups: Aerobic Training and Multimodal Training. The interventions will last 12 weeks, with 60-minute sessions, three times a week. The second article details a randomized clinical trial, crossover type, involving 16 patients with PD in the same stages, undergoing Aerobic Training and Strength Training, also for 12 weeks. Both studies used instruments such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) to evaluation of outcomes. Results: The protocol described in the first article establishes a robust design to investigate the effects of aerobic and multimodal training, contributing to the planning of future interventions in patients with PD. In the second study, the results demonstrated that strength training promoted a significant improvement in global cognition (p = 0.004), while aerobic training improved social support (p = 0.026) and significantly reduced stigma related to PD. Despite these specific differences, no significant interactions were observed for other outcomes, such as balance and gait. Conclusion: The protocol developed in the first study ensures the transparency of the research process, allowing the reproducibility of the methods and minimizing possible biases. The second study highlights the relevance of physical training as a non-pharmacological intervention, highlighting that aerobic and strength modalities offer specific benefits. The individualization of interventions is essential to meet the particular demands of patients and enhance the results achieved. Tipo: Dissertação

Reabilitação de pacientes com sequelas decorrentes da infecção por Covid-19

Thu, 21 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Reabilitação de pacientes com sequelas decorrentes da infecção por Covid-19 Abstract: Introduction: In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak with a new strain of coronavirus began in China. In Brazil, up to the date of the study, there were 37,519,960 confirmed cases, with 702,116 deaths. The disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is named COVID-19. While some infected individuals develop mild flu-like symptoms, a minority transition to a more severe stage of the disease. Abnormal clinical signs and symptoms may persist for a long time and be considered effects and/or sequelae of the disease. These sequelae evolve with physical limitations, requiring personalized rehabilitation with non-pharmacological strategies such as physical training. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) in patients with different types of post-COVID-19 infection sequelae. Methods: In this dissertation, we present two articles: 1st case report: Elderly patient, male, hypertensive, who participated in a supervised home CPRP after presenting sequelae from severe COVID-19 infection, submitted to intensive care unit admission and orotracheal intubation; 2nd Clinical, retrospective, quasi-experimental study, with 16 patients, 12 men, with a mean age of 50.5±14.4 years, who participated in a supervised CPRP in a private clinic due to sequelae after COVID-19 infection. In both studies, patients underwent evaluation before and after the intervention period. Data collection from the anamnesis, included anthropometric and clinical data, and disease progression. Pulmonary function assessment included peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures. Physical capacity was assessed through the six-minute walk test and handgrip dynamometry. Sessions were face-to-face and supervised by a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation specialist physiotherapist, conducted in-office or at home, lasting one hour, two or three times a week, including aerobic training, global muscle strengthening, and breathing exercises. Results: Study 1: There was a significant increase (112.5%) in the distance walked from baseline (240m) to post-training test (510m). Similarly, a significant increase in handgrip strength was observed in the right (from 21.6 to 31.8kgf) and left (from 18.7 to 26.3kgf) limbs. Finally, an increase in PEF (from 340 to 770L/min), MIP (from 60 to 85cmH2O), and MEP (from 80 to 95cmH2O) was observed. Study 2: An increase was documented in all studied variables: PEF (390.5±150.0 to 558.1±140.3L/min), MIP (89.4±37.5 to 123.1±40.2cmH2O), MEP (70.9±37.25 to 103.75±46.5cmH2O), 6MWD (320.2±97.6 to 568.2±75.9m), and handgrip strength of both right (19.3±8.3 to 38.2±10.6kgf) and left (19.8±9.1 to 33.3±9.9kgf) limbs, p<0.0001. A significant increase in pulmonary function was observed in both home and office-based training groups, with no statistical difference between them. Conclusions: Supervised cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program promotes significant improvement in physical capacity and pulmonary function in patients who presented sequelae due to severe COVID-19 infection. The improvement induced by physical training in pulmonary function is similar in home-based and office-based protocols. Tipo: Dissertação