A periodização ondulatória diária é mais eficiente comparada ao treinamento não periodizado sobre parâmetros do desempenho físico e saúde em pessoas vivendo com HIV resistentes à insulina: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) preserving the TCD4 + lymphocytes of people living with HIV (PLWHIV), its regular use and viral infection are associated with negative changes in body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and muscle power of lower limbs (MPLL). Although daily undulatory periodization (DUP) is effective in PLWHIV to alleviate such adversities, it is uncertain whether this type of approach promotes an additional effect compared to non-periodized training (NPT). The first study investigated whether DUP when compared to NPT promotes additional effects in improving body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, PMMI and TCD4 + lymphocytes of PLWHIV. Forty-one PLWHIV were randomized into a Control (CON; n = 15), DUP (n = 13) and NPT (n = 13) group. The DUP and NPT groups performed a combined training three times a week for 12 weeks. DUP promoted greater gains in muscle strength (except for the bench press (BP)), VO2peak and MPLL in relation to NPT. There was an increase in TCD4 + lymphocytes only in the DUP group. The general effect of the training promoted a positive correlation between the change in strength in leg press (LP), triceps pulley (TP), lat pulldown (LPD) and MPLL with the change in TCD4 + lymphocytes. It is concluded that DUP is more efficient to increase muscle performance, aerobic capacity and TCD4 + lymphocytes of PLWHIV. Regarding the second study, it is known that ART contributes to the greatest risk of developing insulin resistance (IR) in PLWHIV. IR is associated with high blood pressure, negative changes in body composition and lower physical performance. The first objective of the second study was to verify whether PLWHIV and insulin resistant (PLWHIV + IR) have more adversities in terms of health and physical performance parameters compared to PLWHIV without IR (PLWHIVSRI). The second objective was to verify whether the DUP can more significantly mitigate the adversities facing IR in PLWHIV+IR when compared to NPT. For the first objective, PLWHIV were divided into PLWHIV+IR (n = 30) and PLWHIVSRI (n = 11) groups. For the second objective, thirty PLWHIV+IR were allocated to CON (n = 10), DUP (n = 10) and NPT (n = 10). The DUP and NPT groups performed a combined training three times a week for 12 weeks. PLWHIV+IR presented higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), %MG and higher lactate concentration (LAC) compared to PLWHIVSRI. Additionally, PLWHIV+IR presented lower %MLG and VO2peak. DUP promoted additional effects in increasing the strength of LP and VO2peak, as well as reducing Hb1ac when compared to NPT. Only DUP reduced LAC and PAS concentrations. The general effect of the training showed a negative correlation between the change in Hb1ac and the changes in BP, LP, MPLL, VO2peak. It is concluded that PLWHIV+IR have more adversities on health parameters and lower VO2peak compared to PLWHIVSRI. However, the results of the intervention suggest that DUP can more significantly mitigate the conditions reported in PLWHIV+IR.