Componentes da aptidão física e osteoporose em idosos residentes na comunidade

Abstract

Due to the increase in life expectancy, an increase in the number of people over 60 years old is expected, which favors changes in behavior and health in populations. This contributes to the presence of osteoporosis and the progressive reduction in the performance of physical fitness components, predisposing to fractures, compromising functional capacities and affecting the quality of life of the elderly. The objective was to identify the prevalence of osteoporosis and to analyze the association of sociodemographic factors, health and behavioral indicators and the components of physical fitness with osteoporosis in elderly people living at home. This is a cross-sectional study and an integral part of the “Longitudinal Study of Health of the Elderly of Alcobaça - LSHEA”, which included 473 elderly people of both sexes. All participants answered a structured questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, behavioral and health information. Physical fitness components were assessed according to the Fullerton Battery and osteoporosis was self-reported. Continuous data were categorized using the percentiles based on the distribution obtained by the group. Poisson Regression was performed to determine the Prevalence Ratio and the Chi-square test to verify the association between the study variables with osteoporosis, considering p <0.05 as significant. In the crude analysis, p ≤0.20 was considered significant and a 95% confidence interval was adopted. The percentage of osteoporosis was 10,2% (n = 49). The crude analysis showed a statistically significant association was observed between female sex (PR = 3,58; 95% CI = 1,64 – 7,81), family monthly income of <1 minimum wage (PR = 1,72; 95% CI = 0,25 – 11,9), number of medications of 3 or more (PR = 3,94; 95% CI = 1,43 – 10,8), number of falls of 4 or more (PR = 4,02 ; 95% CI = 1,91 – 8,45), presence of depressive symptoms (PR = 2,68; 95% CI = 1,52 – 4,75), negative quality of health status perception (PR = 3,09; 95% CI = 1,78 – 5,38), nutritional status of malnutrition / risk of malnutrition (PR = 1,91; 95% CI = 1,12 – 3,23), sleep time ≤7 hours / day (PR = 1,90; 95% CI = 1,08 – 3,33), very poor sleep quality (PR = 6,58; 95% CI = 1,74 – 24,8), dependent functional capacity - BADL (PR = 1,98; 95% CI = 1,15 – 3,40), dependent functional capacity - IADL (PR = 1,89; 95% CI = 1,12 – 3,21) and excessive sedentary behavior (PR = 1,44; 95% CI = 0,82 – 2,52). Regarding the components of physical fitness, an association was observed between agility and moderate dynamic balance and poor performance (PR = 1,96; 95% CI = 1,14 – 3,35), moderate aerobic resistance and poor performance (PR = 2,01; 95% CI = 1,14 – 3,53) and moderate lower limb flexibility and poor performance (PR = 0,48; 95% CI = 0,22 – 1,05). However, when performing the adjusted analysis, only the flexibility maintained an inverse association (PR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.14 - 0.78) with osteoporosis. Therefore, this variable must be monitored continuously, aiming at the quality of bone health and functional independence in the elderly.