Ações manipulativas de crianças com baixa visão dos 4 aos 6 anos durante o ato de brincar com diferentes cubos

Abstract

Introduction: manipulative actions are defined as a set of movements that contribute to child development. Thus, the act of playing and the appropriate choice of toys become fundamental in stimulating the motor, cognitive, and biopsychosocial development of the child. Objectives: identify and describe the manipulative actions, verify the frequency of manipulative actions and the time spent with each cube. To present the possibilities of play suggested by children with low vision and normal vision, from four to six years old, during the manipulation of different cubes. Materials and Methods: eight children with low vision (BV) and eight with normal vision (VN) with 5.2 years (± 0.88) participated. Six cubes (transparent, black, high contrast (black and white), luminous (varied colors), auditory, and tactile) were used in the evaluation of manipulative actions and play. The child was allowed to explore each cube for 40 seconds, with a ten second interval in between. Results: We identified 18 types of manipulative actions, with four of them striking for the age group of the study: supporting the cube on the vertex, throwing the cube against the ground, throwing the cube, and rolling the cube on the ground. Children with BV performed a greater variety of manipulative actions on the black, highcontrast, and transparent cube. The highest frequency of actions for the BV group were rotating (p=0.028) the light cube; bringing the cube closer to the eyes (p=0.032) on the high contrast cube; and bimanual reaching on the black cube (p=0.008). There was no significant difference in dwell time with each cube. Playing catch and playing ball were common suggestions among children in each cube, and in the presentation of all cubes was the construction of a tower. Conclusion: 18 types of manipulative actions were identified for children aged four to six years old. The BV group showed greater variety and frequency of manipulative actions, especially with the black cube. In addition, the children were able to be creative in their play suggestions when handling the different cubes.