Avaliação morfológica e morfométrica do músculo peitoral maior de indivíduos autopsiados idosos e não idosos com e sem AIDS

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection evolves with an inflammatory influence mediated by TCD4 lymphocytes, causing organ dysfunction. The action of the virus, as well as the side effects of antiretroviral drugs, favor the advancement of skeletal striated muscle (SEM) diseases, among others. Objective: To analyze the percentages of nuclei, cytoplasm and collagen fibers (CF) of myocytes in the ESM, in autopsied individuals, non-elderly and elderly, with and without Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) of the Hospital de Clínicas (HC) of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). Methodology: This is an observational, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, carried out from 78 samples of the SEM in autopsied individuals at the HC-UFTM from 1990 to 2020. Four groups were formed: Non-elderly people without AIDS (NISA-22), non-elderly people with AIDS (NICA-22), elderly people without AIDS (ISA-17) and elderly people with AIDS (ICA-17) the median age was 44 years for (NISA) and (NICA), 54 years old (ICA) and 63 years old (ISA). For the histomorphometric analysis of the percentages of myocytes, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was used, and the Picrosirius (PS) staining in FC under polarized light, analyzed by means of common light microscopy. Results: The ISA group had a significantly higher percentage of nuclei (p˂0.001) when compared to the NISA, NICA and ICA groups. The NISA and NICA groups had a statistically higher percentage of collagen compared to the ICA and ISA groups (p<0.001). The correlation between nucleus and cytoplasm was negative and significant in the four groups (p<0.0001). The correlation between CF and nucleus in the NISA (p<0.0012) and NICA (p<0.0368) groups was negative and significant, and the correlation between cytoplasm and CF between the NICA (p<0.0353) and NISA groups (p<0.0012) was negative and significant. There was no significant correlation between nucleus, cytoplasm and HR with age and body mass index. Conclusion: We conclude that in individuals with and without AIDS, regardless of sex and age, myocytes had hypotrophy, a lower percentage of nuclei in the NICA, NISA and ICA groups compared to the ISA group. In relation to CF, the elderly had a smaller amount of collagen, therefore, they had a greater loss of muscle mass, which is characteristic of aging.