Autoavaliação negativa de saúde em universitários: análise em relação a atividade física, tempo sedentário e horas de sono

Abstract

Self-assessment of health (SAH) represents an important measure to identify the level of health and has a good reliability and validity for the Brazilian context. Negative SAH has been a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality and shows a relationship with risky behaviors. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of negative SAH in university students and its association with physical activity, sedentary time and hours of sleep. This dissertation consists of three articles, the first is a systematic review study about the topic, considering the prevalence and associated factors, as well as the methodological characteristics of articles published considering university students as population. The second article, verified the prevalence of negative SAH and its association with aggregated risk behaviors (insufficient levels of physical activity, greater exposure to sedentary time and inappropriate sleep time) in university students from a college institution in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. And the last study, also considering students at a university in Minas Gerais, aimed to examine the effect of isotemporal substitution of physical activity, sedentary time and hours of sleep in relation to negative SAH in university students. In relation to the first article, prevalence for positive SAH varied from 61.8% to 94.5% and for negative SHA, were between 3.4% to 38.2% in university students from different countries. The research design adopted in all studies was cross-sectional. Among the study’s different questions and answer options for HAS were used. It was observed that having inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity at leisure time, high stress and having health complaints were the factors that were most associated with negative SAH. In the second article, the prevalence of negative SAH among university students was 47.3%, and more than half presented co-occurrence of two or more simultaneous risk factors. College students with three risk factors were associated with negative SAH (PR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.21-2.38). And in the third article, it was found that using 10 minutes (OR = 0.979; 95% CI = 0.968-0.991), 30 minutes (OR = 0.939; 95% CI = 0.906-0.974) and 60 minutes (OR = 0.882; 95% CI = 0.821-0.948) of previous sitting time for physical activity was associated with lower chances of negative SAH among university students. It is concluded that among the studies of SAH in university students, there was a great variation in the prevalence of negative SAH from different countries and the variables associated with SAH were sociodemographic, psychosocial, behavioral, lifestyle and quality of life. There was a high prevalence of negative SAH among university students at a college institution and the co-occurrence of three risky behaviors was associated with negative SAH. The substitution of 10, 30 or 60 minutes of sitting time for the same amount of time practicing physical activity was associated with the reduction of negative SAH in university students.