Exercício físico com diferentes volumes semanais nos parâmetros da saúde de idosas usuárias da atenção primária

Abstract

It is observed that the aging process causes several changes according to the lifestyle, in the physical and physiological aspects. In this way, physical exercise promotes healthy aging. Among the strategic places to encourage and promote the practice of physical activity, the Primary Care Health (PHC) Units stand out. However, the programs offered do not meet the recommendations for physical activity. The general objective of the study is to compare the effect of physical exercise interventions with different weekly volumes in Primary Health Care on parameters related to the health of elderly women. Two scientific articles were prepared, with physical fitness as the outcome of the first article and biochemical parameters as the outcome of the second article. A quasi-experimental study was carried out, lasting 6 months, carried out in three Health Units in the Municipality of Rio Claro-SP. Twenty-three elderly women participated, divided by convenience into two physical exercise interventions with different volumes: : GBV (n=11 elderly women, duration of 120 minutes per week, two sessions per week) and GRA (n=12 elderly women, duration of 270 minutes per week, three sessions per week). Physical fitness was assessed using the AAHPERD physical and functional test battery and the handgrip strength test. Blood biochemical parameters [Glucose, High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides (TG)] were analyzed by the ELISA method. Comparisons were performed using the Generalized Estimating Equations and Bonferroni tests, adopting a significance level of α=0.05. In the time effect comparisons (pre and post intervention), there was a significant reduction in the mean values of agility (p=0.001), coordination (p=0.001), aerobic resistance (p=0.001) and an increase in strength resistance values (p=0.001), flexibility (p=0.012), handgrip (p=0.037) and general physical fitness index (p=0.001) after 6 months. Only the strength resistance test had a significant effect on the group effect (p=0.018), since the groups were different. In the analysis of normative values, regardless of the intervention volume, there was an improvement for most participants in the general physical fitness index, agility, coordination and muscular strength endurance. For biochemical data, the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant reduction in mean TC values (p=0.019) for both groups, and a reduction in LDL values only for GBV (p=0.009). There were no differences in time, group and interaction effects for Glucose, HDL and Triglycerides. It is concluded that in both volumes of physical exercise after 6 months of intervention were effective for significant improvement of TC, and for improvement of LDL only GBV in elderly users of PHC. Concluded that both volumes of physical exercise after 6 months of intervention were effective in significantly improving general physical fitness, handgrip strength and TC in elderly PHC users, and only GBV improved LDL levels after the intervention. . And there was maintenance of glucose, HDL and TG levels after 6 months of intervention in the two weekly volumes of physical exercise.