Relação entre modulação autonômica cardíaca de repouso e posicionamento tático em jogadores de futebol amador

Abstract

Soccer is an acyclic sport characterized by intermittent efforts with short recovery intervals between actions, alternating between high and low intensity efforts although aerobic metabolism provides the highest proportion of energy for activities during games. To monitor performance improvements, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) test has been widely used in soccer. The performance in this test presents a high correlation with the physical fitness responses during soccer matches, thus, it discriminates different competitive levels. Physiological adaptations have also been monitored through autonomic nervous system responses, analyzed from cardiac autonomic modulation, which can provide useful information regarding changes in the training state. Thus, we could suggest that HRV could also be associated with improvements in Yo-Yo IR2. On the other hand, physiologically speaking, football requires players to perform a sprint of all-out effort every 90 seconds and high-intensity efforts every 30 seconds, although substantial differences are to be expected based on style, player skill and role on the field (position). As the word "athlete" is a rather non-specific label in terms of actual physical fitness (aerobic fitness, flexibility, muscle strength/power, balance and body composition), encompassing sportsmen with remarkably different physical and physiological profiles, there is significant controversy regarding cardiac autonomic dysfunction modulation in soccer players and their respective performances on the field according to different tactical soccer positions. Therefore, the objective of this present dissertation was to evaluate and associate cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and physical performance with tactical positioning in amateur soccer players.