Efeito da intensidade de carga no treinamento resistido de série única sobre a composição corporal, força e desempenho físico em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Abstract

The purpose of present study was, to analyze whether, under single set conditions, the load intensity of resistance training (RT) has a positive impact on body composition (muscle and fat mass), muscle strength and physical performance of postmenopausal women. 32 participants who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions completed the study: control group (CT, n = 10; age = 62.5 ± 7.4; BMI = 28.3 ± 5.2), lowload RT group (LL, n = 10; age = 62.7 ± 8.2; BMI = 26.8 ± 5.1) that performed one set of 25-30 maximum repetitions per exercise and the high load RT group (HL n = 12; age = 61.5 ± 7.2; BMI = 26.3 ± 6.2) which performed one set of 8-12 repetitions maximum per exercise. The RT groups performed 8 exercises, with an interval of 90 seconds between exercises, 3 times a week for 24 weeks. Muscle mass, fat percentage (%Fat) and trunk fat mass (Trunk fat) were evaluated by DEXA. Muscle strength was measured by the one-repetition maximum leg press test. The physical performance by the Timed Up and Go test and the thirty-second stand-up test. The ANVOCA test (covariates: age, use of antihypertensive drugs, hormone replacement therapy and pre-time values) was used to analyse the gains (Δ) between groups. The significance level adopted was 5%. After 24 weeks of RT, lower and upper limb muscle mass (together) increased in both HL (Δ = 0.58 kg; 95% CI: 0.27 - 0.89 kg) and LL (Δ = 0.46 kg; 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.74 kg) in relation to CT (Δ = -0.005 kg; 95% CI: -0.36 - 0.26 kg) with no difference between them (p = 0.016 η = 0.30 power = 0.76). For muscle strength, the HL group (Δ = 48.7 kg; 95% CI: 32.9 - 64.4 kg) obtained greater gains in muscle strength compared to the groups CT (Δ = 4.1 kg; CI 95 %: -10.6 - 18.9 kg) and LL (Δ = 21.7 kg; 95% CI: 7.6 - 35.7 kg) (p = 0.001 η2 = 0.41 power = 0.95). Trunk fat, %Fat, as well as physical performance did not change differently between the TR groups and the CT group. Thus we conclude that in a low-volume RT situation (one set per exercise), load intensity does not affect hypertrophy in postmenopausal women. However, to increase muscle strength there seems to be dependence on the use of higher loads. %Fat, trunk fat and physical performance did not change differently between the groups after the investigation.