Perfil taxonômico e funcional do microbioma subgengival associado ao Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e a periodontite

Abstract

The oral microbiome can play an active role in oral health and it suffers considerable changes in systemic conditions, as well as it is not a determinant of diseases. This work sought to carry out a survey of the oral microbiome of a specific environment, the gingival sulcus, of four groups of voluntary participants in order to establish a relationship between specific health conditions and their respective interference in the distribution and predominance of different genera and species of bacteria. present, as well as to identify possible taxonomic and functional biomarkers for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis.Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 42 participants who were allocated into 4 groups “Healthy (H)”, “Diabetics (D)”, “Periodontitis (P)”, “Diabetics/Periodontitis (PD)”. The sequencing of the 16s rRNA amplicon was performed and the EzBioCloud pipeline was used to determine the taxonomic profile of the microbiome, to measure alpha (αD) and beta (βD) diversities and to predict taxonomic (TB) and functional (FB) biomarkers using linear discriminant effect size analysis (LEfSe). Bacterial species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum group (22.09% (H), 19.92% (D) and 10.34% (DP)) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (15.82% (P)) showed higher relative abundances. For (αD) specifically regarding species richness, statistically significant results were found between: (H) versus (P) with greater richness for the group (H) (Jackfnife (p=0.050)); (D) versus (P), with greater richness for group (D) (Jackfnife (p=0.050)); (P) versus (DP) with greater richness for the (DP) group (ACE (p=0.050), Chao 1 (p=0.050), Jackknife (p=0.050)). As for species diversity, statistically significant results were found when comparing the groups (P) versus (DP), with greater diversity for the group (DP) (NPShannon (p=0.050), Shannon (p=0.050), Simpson (p=0.050) and Phylogenetic Diversity (p=0.050)). For a (βD) no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. As (TB) the species Neisseria perflava, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Veillonella atypica, among others, were more abundant in groups (D), (P) and (DP) respectively. The KEEG pathways “ko03010-Ribosome” “ko02040-Flagellar assembly” and “ko01100-Metabolic pathways”, among others, were more abundant in groups (D), (P) and (DP) respectively. For all groups, the taxonomic profile of the microbiome was altered and the presence of the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis in the samples from group (D) suggests that the disease is capable of altering the microbiome and predisposing to the development of periodontitis. Research with larger samples, as well as with participants at various stages of disease evolution, is necessary.