Gestão de resíduos sólidos: modelo de coleta seletiva aplicável ao município de Uberaba-MG

Abstract

Regardless of the historical period, geographical location and societies development level, they all have in common their activities refuse disposal matter. In Brazil, National Policy on Solid Waste is a boundary for the sector as it includes the production chain, and so the producers in the group that is responsible for the waste management. This management in the country is a municipality responsibility, which must ensure their proper disposal, being one of the tools for its success the selective collection. This project objective was to identify the most appropriate selective collection model for Uberaba municipality considering its residences preference, in addition, to detect the factors that influence the population engagement, level of knowledge in relation to the issue of solid waste and the effectiveness of adopting monetary measures. To this end, a structured questionnaire was applied, with the sample defined by a random probabilistic method of three-stage cluster sample. In total 874 households were sampled, with a 95% confidence level, a 3% error probability and a 78% maximum variability. After analyzing the data obtained, it was concluded that the Uberaba residents are for the implementation of the Selective Collection Program (SCP), and that they have knowledge above the national average on selective collection, but they are less informed about municipal management and unfavorable to the application of financial penalties. The main factors in the decision to participate in the SCP are age, environmental quality, residential and public infrastructure, lack of time and amount of waste generated. As an appropriate model for implementation, it is suggested a formal management, covering the entire municipality, mixed financing and operation, segregation at source into three types, door-to-door collection with gradual adoption of drop-off points and sorting centers for selection, storage and sale of collected materials.