Percepção corporal de indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica à luz da qualidade de vida

Abstract

Obesity is a growing public health problem that, given the failure of conventional treatment, has bariatric surgery as an alternative. This consists of a surgical technique aimed at obese individuals with a Body Mass Index equal to or greater than 35kg/m² with comorbidities, or greater than 40kg/m². Such surgery is characterized by rapid weight loss in a short time. However, this sudden result can lead to major changes, positive or negative. Some post-bariatric people can preserve old inadequate eating habits, contributing to weight regain and body dissatisfaction, especially among women. Female individuals tend to continue with the perception of the body from before surgery and increasingly desire a reduction in the silhouette. This dissertation aimed to analyze the body perception of individuals undergoing late bariatric surgery, from the perspective of quality of life. This is a descriptive research, using qualitative and quantitative data, carried out with people after late bariatric disease, from two university hospitals, in Triângulo Mineiro. Data were collected from the data provided by the hospitals, from the application of two instruments - a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, and from an interview with a guiding script. The sample consisted mostly of women (71.4%), who demonstrated that they were satisfied with their current body image after bariatric surgery, but mentioned discomfort with excess skin, arousing interest in repair surgery in 57.1% of respondents. Improvements were observed in comorbidities associated with obesity, independence in routine activities, self-esteem and satisfaction with treatment results. In addition, monitoring by a multidisciplinary team is essential, even after many years of surgery, in view of the necessary maintenance of the results in the face of an individual with a chronic condition, and in the process of adapting to the new body.