Efeitos de um programa com exercício físico e aconselhmaento em saúde sobre os fatores da síndrome metabólica em crianças com sobrepeso ou obesidade.

Abstract

The practice of physical exercise promotes positive physiological adaptations and reduces the prevalence of risk factors that are components of MS. The objective of the present study was i) to verify the effects of an intervention with exercise physical therapy, health counseling and training on anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness and component of the metabolic syndrome in children with overweight or obesity, ii) to evaluate the effects of an intervention with physical exercise and health counseling on parental support, level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children with overweight or obesity. To achieve objective I, a randomized experimental clinical study, 51 children were randomly allocated to three groups, physical exercise group in the gym (GES = 21), pool physical exercise group (GEP = 14) and control group (CG = 16). The children participated in 18 weeks of physical exercise and 18 counseling sessions. Parents were invited to nine counseling sessions. Anthropometric measurements, cardiorespiratory fitness and a component of the metabolic syndrome were assessed, pre, post-intervention and detraining. ANCOVA covariance analysis, with adjustment for age covariate, was used to verify the significant differences between time, group and time * group interaction. There was an effect of time on height. The waist circumference showed a time * group interaction effect. HDL-c showed an effect of time. For systolic and diastolic blood pressure, there was an effect of the group and effect of interaction time * group. The study concluded that the intervention with physical exercise, health counseling and detraining had effects on the components of the metabolic syndrome and the height of children with overweight or obesity. To achieve objective II, an experimental clinical study with 51 children randomized into a physical exercise group in a gymnasium (GES), physical exercise in a swimming pool (GEP) and a control group (CG). The children participated in 18 weeks of physical exercise and 18 counseling sessions. Parents were invited to nine counseling sessions. Parental support, NAF and CS were evaluated, pre and post-intervention. In the comparison between children whose parents participated in more than 70% of the counseling sessions, there was an effect of time * group interaction (p = 0.047) for the CS variable on weekdays. At the post-intervention moment, for GES + GEP, a significant correlation between parental support and physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (r = 0.540; p = 0.046) was found. In the pre-intervention moment, boys from GES + GEP had higher scores of parental support than girls in the questions “provided transportation” and “praised while playing” (p <0.05), this difference was not found after the intervention. Children with greater parental participation in counseling reduced SC on weekdays. There was a difference in parental support for children in the physical exercise groups in the lounge and in the pool, between genders. Important associations were obtained between parental support for physical activity in children with moderate to vigorous physical activity.