Resposta imunoinflamatória de biovidros nanoestruturados no reparo de defeito ósseo na calvaria de ratas.

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in demand for new biomaterials, with therapeutic potential to replace bone tissue and provide adequate repair of bone injuries, especially of large magnitude. Thereby, an ideal biomaterial should not only serve as bone substitutes, but act effectively in the process of bone repair and regeneration. Thus, its complete absorption and action in the process of bone neoformation must occur. In this context, despite the wide variety of organic and synthetic materials available on the market, there is no one material that meets all the desired requirements. Therefore, the incorporation of nanocrystals into the molecular structure of bioglass is innovative, considering that it eventually expands the potential of numerous physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the interaction of these nanobiocompounds with the biological system. In the study, the local and systemic immune-inflammatory response of nanostructured bioglasses with silver ions was evaluated through the implantation of these biocompounds in the treatment of bone defects in the calvaria of rats. Different concentrations were used (mass percentage - % wt): Ag - 0.00 (pure bioglass); Ag - 0.25% wt; Ag - 0.50% wt; Ag - 0.75% wt; Ag - 1.00% wt; Ag - 1.25% wt; Ag - 1.5% wt. The results indicate a significant role for nanostructured bioglasses in modulating the immune-inflammatory response during the bone healing process, both locally and systemic. Bioglass, by itself, proved to be effective in immunomodulation, whose effectiveness was enhanced or regulated by silver nanocrystals, opening perspectives for several applications beyond bone regeneration and immunomodulation. Therefore, these nanostructured bioglasses can be useful in other areas, such as controlling microorganisms and strengthening the immune response against specific pathogens. However, additional studies are needed to validate these other capabilities of these biomaterials.