Comportamento sedentário, nível de atividade física, transtorno de ansiedade e autopercepção de saúde em adolescentes

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to social isolation, behavioral changes and changes in the daily routines of adolescents. This study aimed to verify the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity level, self-perception of health, anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms in adolescents from a federal public educational institution in the region of Triângulo Mineiro/MG, Brazil, in a period of social isolation, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. And for that, it aimed to a) identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, self-perception of health, level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents; and b) Associate time spent in physical activity with time spent in sedentary behavior with anxiety, depressive symptoms and self-perception of health in adolescents. And to achieve these goals, a cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample of 157 adolescents of both sexes, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students from the Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM) answered the Santa Catarina Adolescent Behavior Questionnaire (COMPAC), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) online. To compare proportions, the chi-square test (χ2) was used, and to find the factors associated with the evaluated outcomes, the Poisson Regression. In the first article presented, anxiety symptoms were found in 65.6% and depressive symptoms were found in 55.8% of adolescents. Female adolescents had a prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.8 higher for anxiety symptoms, and PR = 1.7 higher for depressive symptoms when compared to male adolescents. Adolescents with negative self-perception of health had a PR = 1.3 greater for anxiety symptoms, and a PR = 1.6 greater for depressive symptoms compared to adolescents who had a positive self-perception of health. The study concluded that symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with sex and self- perception of health in adolescents from a federal educational institution. The second article found that most adolescents performed passive leisure activities (65.4%), 83.0% were physically inactive. There was a prevalence of 66.0% of positive self-perception of health in adolescents. Adolescents who slept well sometimes (PR= 2.8), almost never or never (PR= 3.6), had a higher prevalence ratio of negative self-perception of health when compared to adolescents who slept well always or almost always. Adolescents who had depressive symptoms had a prevalence ratio (PR)= 1.9 greater of negative self- perception of health when compared to adolescents without depressive symptoms. This study concluded that self-perception of health was associated with sleep and depressive symptoms in adolescents from a federal educational institution.