Avaliação de extratos vegetais para uso como bioestimulante no desempenho agronômico da cultura de soja.

Abstract

The overuse use of agricultural fertilizers has been causing several environmental damages. Thus, a strategic alternative to the use of fertilizers is the use of biostimulant substances in agriculture. With the result of the bibliometric survey carried out in this work, it was observed that there are a range of substances with biostimulant potential to be studied in different agricultural cultures. Thus, we chose to study the biostimulant action of Moringa Oleífera lam MOL) leaves on soybeans. For this, studies of drying kinetics and leaf analysis by FTIR were initially carried out. The analyzes allowed inferring the complex nature and, consequently, the richness of substances with a potential biostimulant effect in MOL leaves, which was confirmed in germination tests using soybean seeds. In these tests, an increase in the germination rate and in the length of the radicle and seedlings of the germinated seeds was observed when compared to the control. It was also observed that high concentrations of biostimulants are harmful for plant development. Thus, it was experimentally determined that the optimal concentration at which the plant showed better development was 1 g.L. It was also verified from germination tests carried out with biostimulants that underwent a drying process in a rotating drum that high temperatures are capable of degrading the biostimulant substances present in the plant. Thus, from a commercial point of view, it is important to determine the optimal temperature for drying the leaves so that the drying time is optimized without the degradation of the desired substances.