O autocuidado aplicado à saúde oral na percepção de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease, the occurrence of which has a significant contribution from environmental factors. The physiological changes resulting from non-treatment reduce the inflammatory and immunological response, leaving the body susceptible to infections and complications, including oral health problems and periodontal disease. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are able to prevent or delay the onset of serious consequences for oral health through self-care. This refers to the skills in promoting health, preventing diseases, maintaining health and dealing with illness or disability, with or without the support of a health professional. of oral health and the perceptions of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to the disease, treatment and self-care applied to oral health. The present study raises the following guiding questions: What is the perception of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to oral self-care? What does oral self-care mean for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus? What are the beliefs regarding oral complications resulting from non-treatment of the disease for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus? What are the difficulties and potentialities in oral self-care for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in your perception? It aims to identify the perceptions of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, registered in the HIPERDIA program of a Family Health Strategy, in relation to oral self-care. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach and self-care applied to oral health as a theoretical reference. Data collection took place in person; with people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, registered in the HIPERDIA program of a Family Health Strategy, in a municipality in the Triângulo Mineiro; using the focus group technique, field diary recording and two instruments, one to characterize the sociodemographic profile and oral health care, and the other to guide the focus group with guiding questions. The two meetings were audio recorded and transcribed in full. The transcribed speeches of the 11 participants and the information recorded in the field diary were analyzed using content analysis, thematic modality. Two categories and three subcategories emerged. The first category included the meaning of oral self-care as actions carried out with or without the support of a dentist, including seeking information from health professionals and the media. The second category included statements with important meanings from a holistic view, from the discovery of the diagnosis, including concerns, consultations, changes in the perception of autonomy, self-care and social dynamics resulting in readjustment of lifestyle. Factors identified as hindering oral self-care were: fear and anxiety related to previous negative experience, insecurity regarding the procedure and instruments, dentist's conduct and posture, difficulty in scheduling and lack of information. Suggestions for improving oral self-care include scheduling an appointment over the phone, dental care with a broader perspective and coordination between dentists for effective referrals. Such potential, added to the dentist's role as health educator, with a preventive approach and focus on the person, could favor the oral health and quality of life of this population, and this professional should participate in interprofessional health education actions with people with type diabetes mellitus. 2. In this study, the results found may support changes in dental care for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the Family Health Strategy, as well as pointing to the carrying out of new studies with other methodological approaches.