Assistência à saúde na perspectiva da humanização, segundo profissionais da atenção primária

Abstract

Introduction: Although there is still a prevailing model of health care centered on the patient's complaint, there is an increase in the number of professionals whose vision considers the integrality of the individual. It is believed that professional education and training are linked to the model of care to be provided by a professional. The quality of health care is unrelated to the level of care, so it must be provided from a humanized perspective. Primary Health Care is considered the gateway to health services. In order to improve this care, the Ministry of Health launched the National Humanization Policy in 2003. The literature is concerned with user satisfaction and perception of the type of care received, but little is known about the perception of health professionals. So, the following questions arises: what do health professionals in the Family Health Strategy think about humanized care? What eases and hinders its realization? Method: This was a descriptive study based on a qualitative approach. Professionals from 23 Family Health Teams in a municipality in Minas Gerais took part in the study. In order to reach data saturation, 42 professionals were randomly selected. From this total, 21 did not respond to any of the three invitations to take part in the research, four refused, two were on leave due to being sick, one had retired, one was excluded because he had not completed one year working in the ESF and one could not be found. Data was collected and saturated with 12 interviews, of which five were doctors, five were nurses, one was a dentist, and one was a nursing technician. Data was collected from interviews using a semi-structured script, which was subjected to clear and content validation. The interviews took place remotely, recorded on audio and video. The interviewees were re-identified in order to preserve their identity. The interviews were transcribed in their integrity and the data was processed using thematic analysis. The study complied with ethical precepts from the time the project was approved to the signing of the informed consent form. Results: three thematic categories emerged: "The meaning of humanized care from the perspective of health professionals in the Family Health Strategy"; "Insufficient and inadequate human resources, materials and infrastructure hinder the implementation of humanized care" and "Professional-user relationships based on dialogue and bonding facilitate humanized care". Conclusion: From the point of view of the National Humanization Policy, health professionals' perspectives on the type of care provided is related to comprehensive user care, welcoming and being concerned with the person and not only their complaints. Conclusions: In addition, there are more factors that hinder the implementation of humanized care than facilitate it. There is a need to train professionals to provide care based on the PNH. Adapting to demand and improving infrastructure are indispensable for making humanized care possible. As contributions, we need to get these professionals to reflect on their relationship with and positioning towards the user. With this, they will understand that with horizontal relationships and humanized actions they will be able to demonstrate their potential in the production of care, in the organization of work and effectively impact on the life and health of users and the community.