Fatores preditores associados aos óbitos por covid-19 em pacientes internados por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG), Uberaba-MG

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19, since its origin, has brought uncertainties in the face of a disease that, despite already having other viruses in the family known to science, has devastated the whole world. For the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, understanding the predictors of deaths helps both the scientific community to deal with this phenomenon and the responsible bodies and sectors to adopt actions that control and reduce death rates from the disease. Vaccination allows a reduction in mortality rates, acting in the field of mass protection, reducing infection rates among the population. The country has research in the field of COVID-19, however, studies on the epidemiology of deaths associated with vaccination against COVID-19 are scarce. Objective: To analyze the predictive factors associated with deaths from COVID-19 in patients hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), living in the city of Uberaba-MG in 2021. Methodology: This is an observational, quantitative, retrospective, exploratory study. The sample of 856 people was extracted from a population of 2,891 people living in Uberaba/MG notified in SIVEPI-Gripe. The sample size calculation considered a prevalence of deaths of 38.0%, a precision of 3% and a confidence interval of 95%, reaching a minimum sample of 747 participants. The secondary and retrospective databases were requested from the Municipal Health Department of Uberaba-MG, those referring to deaths were from the "Form of Investigation of death by COVID-19, Minas Gerais 2020".The analysis of the data of the vaccination schedule was verified by crossing the data of the SI-PNI, to verify the vaccination status and type of immunobiological used. Bivariate analysis was used to calculate the relative risk and the crude or unadjusted odds ratio. Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between the main predictors of death and between the groups "not immunized or incomplete vaccination schedule" and with "complete vaccination schedule". The simultaneous influence of the associated factors included multiple binomial logistic regression analysis to obtain the adjusted association coefficients (odds ratio). The level of significance adopted was 5.0%. This project complied with all ethical procedures for research with human beings, approved by the CEP, CAAE: 66396622.0.0000.5154. Results: Of the total, 54.0% were older than 60 years and 55.9% were male. Regarding comorbidities, 29.6% were hypertensive, 22.4% had cardiovascular disease, 20.0% had diabetes and 7.7% were obese. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity and being 60 years or older were associated with COVID-19 deaths in hospitalized patients with SARS. Regarding vaccination, it was not possible to compare the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, since only 72 (23.3%) of those who died had a complete vaccination schedule, while 176 (56.9%) had not received any type of immunization and 61 (19.7%) had an incomplete vaccination schedule. Conclusion: The risk factors associated with death from COVID-19 were Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity and age over 60 years.