O impacto do rompimento de barragem de mineração na temperatura da superfície do solo em Brumadinho-MG

Abstract

The planet's average temperature has risen by 1.1 ºC since 1850, with average temperatures projected to rise by more than 6.0 ºC by 2100. In general, mining areas tend to have a higher temperature than areas with vegetation. There are few studies that look at the surface temperature of the soil in areas where tailings dams have broken down, however, scientific knowledge indicates that such affected areas can be significantly higher than unaffected areas. The aim is therefore to use remote sensing to process LandSat-8 TIR band images from 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 of the city of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, in order to extract the Surface Soil Temperature in the area affected by the dam collapse. The aim was to examine the relationship between the temperatures diagnosed in the studies and the land uses before, during and after the movement of tailings down the iron-coal stream. Analysis of the fluctuations in Land Surface Temperature (LST) at the sites studied, before and after the dam burst, indicates the potential contribution of a series of parameters, which can modulate the temperature oscillations between them: The particle sizes, their respective transportation over the study years, the use of the Earth's surface cover, the thermal conductivity of the tailings, etc. Even so, it can be seen that the mining areas recorded the highest temperatures in all the years evaluated and the LST can be indicated as an excellent tool for diagnosing the dynamics of changes in a local ecosystem caused by the collapse of tailings dams.