Resposta inflamatória e ativação da coagulação na infecção por COVID-19

Abstract

The infection caused by SARSCoV-2 is responsible for triggering COVID-19, a complex disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations that can manifest severely, often exhibiting hypercoagulation, resulting in vascular endothelial injuries and significantly increasing the risk of thrombotic complications. Subsequent coagulopathy significantly worsens the prognosis of patients, contributing to an overall increase in the mortality rate.This cohort study involved 97 hospitalized patients in the Triângulo Mineiro macroregion. Medical record reviews were conducted to assess clinical and laboratory aspects, the frequency of thrombosis, and the measurement of cytokines in groups that did or did not experience a thrombotic event. It was observed that 77.3% of hospitalized patients with the disease required oxygen support, with 53.61% presenting a severe clinical picture. The confirmed thrombotic event rate was 7.2%. Alterations in coagulation factors were found in 27.84%, including thrombocytopenia. In the group that experienced thrombotic events, levels of interleukins IL-1b, IL-10, and IL-2 were higher than in the absence of thrombotic events (p<0.05). A positive association was found between increased IL-10 levels and the likelihood of a thrombotic event. It is concluded that there is an increase in the inflammatory response in patients with thrombotic events, highlighting the interrelation between the immune system and coagulation disorders. Additionally, alterations in coagulation factors, such as a reduction in platelet count, were frequent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.