Efeitos de programas de treinamento físico domiciliar sobre qualidade de vida, capacidade aeróbica, teste de 6 minutos e parâmetros imunológicos em pessoas vivendo com HIV: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise de ensaios clínicos randomizados

Abstract

During a 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), sanitary measures were widely adopted worldwide, limiting the movement of people, adopting social isolation and closing non-essential employees, including regular spaces to practice the activity physical and physical exercise. The aim of this study was to verify, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the effects of home physical training programs (PEFD) on immunological parameters, quality of life and aerobic capacity in patients living with HIV (PLHIV). Studies published on the PUBMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE databases until July 2020 were analyzed, following the PRISMA report. The search strategy used the following terms "Human Immunodeficiency Virus" OR "HIV" OR "people living with HIV" AND "home based" AND "exercise", and to define the research question, it used the PICOS strategy. Of the 93 articles selected, six met the inclusion criteria with all presenting high methodological quality using the PEdro scale. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized clinical trials of PED, with the participation of PLHIV over 18 years, were considered for inclusion. The results are presented with mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 program. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, totaling 223 PLHIV in the PEFD group and 212 in the control group. Compared to the control, PED showed a significant effect for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2máx) (MD: 3.14 ml / kg / min, 95% CI: 0.81 - 5.47 p = 0.0008, I²: 64%) and distance covered in the 6-minute test (MD: 13.81 95% CI: 10.38 - 17.24, p = 0.00001, I²: 0%). On the other hand, there were no significant effects on the TCD4 + lymphocyte count (MD: 24.31, 95% CI: - 28.00 - 76.62 p = 0.33 I²: 11%) and quality of life (MD: 0.23, 95% CI: -0.05 - 0.50 p = 0.84 I²: 0%). PLHIV can benefit from PED to improve their physical condition, namely VO2máx and distance covered in the 6-minute walk test.