Manifestações biomecânicas e funcionais em futebolistas com Síndrome de Osgood Schlatter Uberaba

Abstract

The Osgood Schlatter Disease (OSD) is more prevalent in young athletes, in addition, the actions required in soccer such as running, jumping, kicking and rapid change in the direction of movement expose athletes to higher incidences and impact the evolution of OSD. Studies indicate the importance of evaluating the biomechanical risk factors related to OSD to reduce the risk of aggravation, which includes the use of equipment such as a manual isometric dynamometer and a force platform, in addition to functional tests and study of the kinematics of the jump. Given the above, the objective of the present study was to verify the biomechanical and functional manifestations of soccer players with OSD. For this purpose, twenty four male soccer players, aged between 11 and 17 years, was recruited, linked to the basic categories of amateur soccer, allocated (by convenience) in one of the following groups: 1) diagnosed with OSD (SG, n=05); 2) without any dysfunction in the lower limb (CG, n=19). The assessment of muscle torque was performed using the Lafayette manual dynamometer, which measures the maximum isometric torque of the flexor, extensor, lateral and medial rotators, hip adductor and abductor muscles, and of the knee flexor and extensor muscles. The evaluation of functional performance was carried out through functional tests: shuttle run, horizontal jump (broad jump), triple hop test and six-meter timed hop test. Participants were evaluated for balance and jump kinetics in the drop landing and in the maximum vertical jump using a force platform, simultaneously with the kinematic evaluation of the trunk and lower limb, including here the tuck jump test. Each test was properly familiarized and recorded for analysis in 3 valid attempts. Our main findings were the reduction in hip extensor, abductor and adductor and knee flexor torque in participants with SOS compared to the control group, in addition to the increase in the agonist/antagonist ratio between the hip flexor and extensor muscles in the GS. There was worse performance by participants with SOS in the functional shuttle run and six-meter timed hop test, and, finally, a greater landing peak during the drop landing and a lower rate of force development in the kinetic performance in the tuck jump test were identified from this group. In conclusion, SOS can lead to a reduction in hip extensor, abductor and adductor, and knee flexor torque, as well as functional performance in agility, compared to control group. It can also lead to an increase in the agonist/antagonist relationship between the hip flexor and extensor muscles in the GS. The gluteus maximus, hip extensor muscle, is a focus for strengthening and rebalancing this increased relationship. Ultimately, muscular imbalances can lead to kinetic changes during jumps.