Construção e validação do modelo lógico: acolhimento e escuta qualificada da pessoa idosa na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Abstract

Studies on aging have focused on ideas that encompass the diversity of factors determining the aging process, which influence the promotion of quality of life, regardless of their association with chronic diseases. Welcoming, as a humanizing practice, represents an alternative approach to health production and is configured as a relational and technological tool, focused on qualified listening, bond-building, ensuring access with accountability, and the resolution of services. This study aimed to develop and validate a logical model to support the applicability of elderly care in the primary healthcare network. It is a methodological, exploratory study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, based on an action research strategy. The study was conducted in Primary Healthcare Units and involved the participation of managers, healthcare professionals, and expert judges. The stages included the validation of instruments, data collection with managers and professionals in the primary healthcare network to assess knowledge about welcoming practices, continuing education actions, and the construction, evaluation, and validation of a logical model. Qualitative data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis and text analysis software for similarity analysis, while quantitative data were presented as means, standard deviations, and percentages. To validate the Logical Model, items with more than 70% agreement among participants and a Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) greater than 0.8 were considered valid. The results highlighted the knowledge assessment of managers and professionals regarding welcoming practices. Based on this, four continuing education meetings were held, which expanded the identification and mapping of welcoming practices and qualified listening. Additionally, a documentary analysis was conducted, highlighting the main guidelines of policies related to welcoming practices and healthcare assistance for elderly users. The evaluation of the logical model demonstrated consistency, applicability, and relevance for practice in Primary Healthcare. The Welcoming guideline was chosen as an emerging condition in health services due to the current epidemiological context, with the increase in the elderly population and, consequently, chronic health conditions. This reinforces the principles of the United Nations’ objectives regarding the need to achieve universal health coverage, access to quality healthcare services, and more equitable and accessible care for older adults, reducing inequalities in healthcare and prompting professionals to implement more humanizing actions in the Primary Healthcare context. Furthermore, the results raised questions about the development of more interventions aimed at meeting the healthcare needs of this population, including chronic condition management, coordination of actions within the territory, promotion of healthy aging, and the effective development of elderly care policies within the healthcare network.