Reações subjetivas e atitudes sociolinguísticas de alunos do ensino fundamental anos finais e propostas didáticas

Abstract

The teaching of the Portuguese language has encountered significant challenges over the years. Students’ lack of interest, difficulty in expressing themselves both in writing and orally in various communicative contexts, and poor performance in national assessments such as SIMAVE, CAED, ANA, Prova Brasil, and ENEM are clear indicators of the educational reality in the field of the mother tongue in our country. Among the obstacles in this area of teaching, working with linguistic variation and respecting different forms of expression stand out as aspects that require greater attention in Basic Education classrooms. This action research aims to identify and analyze the linguistic features of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) most negatively evaluated by 8th-grade students at a public school in Uberaba. Additionally, it seeks to understand the students’ subjective reactions and sociolinguistic evaluations regarding linguistic variations and the speech/writing continuum. To achieve this, a diagnostic questionnaire was designed and applied in the classroom to assess students’ perceptions of the Portuguese language and its variants. Based on the data obtained from this diagnosis, we developed an Activity Book for teachers, offering specific guidelines on how to approach different perspectives and strategies in the classroom to promote awareness of linguistic respect (SCHERRE, 2020) and the recognition of the heterogeneity of Portuguese. The proposed activities were applied to 8th-grade students at a public school in Uberaba, MG. Our analysis revealed that the linguistic features most frequently identified by students as "unacceptable errors in Portuguese" are at the morphosyntactic level (such as agreement errors), the phonological level (representation of phonetic and phonological processes in writing), and the use of certain lexical items. These errors identified by the students stem from misconceptions about the plural norms of Portuguese. This underscores the importance of continuing the fight against linguistic prejudice and promoting awareness and appreciation of the diverse varieties of Brazilian Portuguese (BP).