Presenteísmo e sua influência sobre o índice de capacidade para o trabalho em profissionais de saúde

Abstract

The reduced ability to work and the presenteeism in healthcare professionals generate a series of negative consequences for the institution, care and health of these professionals, thus making a situational diagnosis will contribute to awaken actions to promote worker health. This study aims to identify the prevalence of presenteeism in healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and occupational variables on this phenomenon, as well as their influence on the work ability index. The method used consists of an observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with 299 health professionals from a public teaching hospital. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and occupational variables; Work Ability Index (WAI); and the Stanford’s Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6). The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro approved the project by number 3.241.387. Data were collected in a private environment, from April to July 2019, during the working hours of professionals by accepting and signing the Informed Consent Form. Data were entered twice in the Microsoft Excel® program and imported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), 20.0 version, for analysis. As a result, the prevalence of presenteeism was 65.6%, with the Sterile Materials Center being the sector where the largest number of professionals working sic (100%) were found. The mean SPS-6 score was 21.37 (SD = 4.7), ranging from 10 to 30. The doctors were the professionals who presented the highest presenteeism scores, showing to be the ones that remained the most productive although they are sick. The conception of “finished work” was more affected (average 8.54) than the conception of “concentration maintained” (average 12.82). The WAI found a mean score of 39.73 (SD = 5.88), ranging from 10 to 49. Most professionals (46.3%) had their work ability about 37 and 43 points, revealing good work ability. Among the 10 most prevalent diseases confirmed by medical diagnosis, six of them were related to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women had a 1.88 times greater chance (1.06-3.32 and p = 0.03), when compared to men, of presenteeism, and the other variables were not statistically significant. Multiple linear 8 regression showed as statistically significant predictors of ability to work in decreasing order of importance: presenteeism (β = -0,35, p< 0,001), gender (β = -0,28, p< 0,001) and professional position (β = -0,12, p = 0,03). It was concluded that the presenteeism influences the ability to work, since less ability to work was found in professionals who had been working sick in the last 30 days. Thus, the monitoring of work ability and health promotion actions for these professionals may contribute to the reduction of presenteeism.