Conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino de Minas Gerais sobre hemotransfusão.

Abstract

The nursing team plays a fundamental role in transfusion safety and must be properly prepared, seeking to reduce the distances between practice and knowledge available, in order to diminish health risks. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge of professional nursing team on installation of blood components, identification of transfusion reaction, and conducts to be adopted related to the transfusion reaction. This is an observational, transversal study, with quantitative data approach. Sample consisted of 209 professionals from nursing team. The survey was conducted in a public teaching general hospital, offering high complexity health services. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee from Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro by the Act n° 2434. Data were collected using a data collection instrument consisting of issues related to the socio-demographic, professionals and institutional aspects of the institution, and on blood transfusions. Data were analyzed using the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Qualitative variables were analyzed according to descriptive statistics and for quantitative variables descriptive measures of centrality and dispersion were used. To calculate the knowledge score a formula was used, in which the number of items answered correctly were divided by the total number of items and multiplied by 100. In bivariate analysis, Student's t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson s correlation coefficient were used. Associations with p ≤ 0,01 were considered statistically significant. Professionals in the nursing staff were mostly female (81,8%), with an average age of 38,2 years. The nursing technical professional category (69,9%) predominated; with most of them (51,7%) obtaining their educational training in a public institution, and the prevalent institutional link was with the Foundation for Teaching and Research of Uberaba (52,6%). Most (78,9%) had only one employment relationship. The professionals referred administration of blood transfusions 4,3 times/month. The majority (88,0%) mentioned having received training or guidance for the administration of blood transfusions; 60,3% referred participation in a training program specific for blood transfusions; 27,8% had post-graduation degree. Most professionals (73,2%) referred to adopt in their transfusion practice the standard operating Procedure Manual and the nursing Interventions plan of the institution as norm and/or guideline. Most (92,8%) reported feeling safe to perform the transfusion process. Units that had the largest number of professionals interviewed were intensive care units (25,8%) and inpatient Adult units (26,8%). The average overall score was 52,7%. The average score in the field concerning the pre-transfusion levels step was 53,4%; in the field regarding the transfusion act it was 51,2% and in the field concerning immediate complications it was 62,7% Factors related to knowledge about blood transfusions were the Professional category, and receiving training and/or guidance for the completion of the transfusion process. With this study it was possible to provide a diagnosis for the identification of the main difficulties professionals have with respect to the stages of the transfusion process. It was identified the need for interventions such as continuing and permanent education, as well as the periodic training of professionals from the nursing team about the activities in this practice.