Qualidade de vida e depressão entre profissionais de enfermagem em hospitais de ensino.

Abstract

The topics related to mental health such as depression and quality of life (QOL) have contributed for the understanding of the daily work of health professionals, particularly nursing staff. The aim of this study was to analyze the QOL and depression among nursing professionals at teaching hospitals and associated factors. This is an observational epidemiological , cross-sectional analytical study carried out in three teaching hospitals of the city of Uberaba , two with teaching certification ( University Hospital and Clinic Hospital of Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro) and with teaching features awaiting certification from the Ministry of Health and Education (Dr. Hélio Angotti Hospital) . To collect data, three instruments were used, and one sociodemographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory and the WHOQOL -BREF, in the period from February to June 2013, considering three months of collection for each institution. For data analysis we used absolute and percentage frequencies, position measurements (mean, median) and dispersion ( standard deviation, minimum and maximum values). To identify classes of depression categorical table was used for the general population of the Beck Depression Inventory. Also performed analyzes of Pearson and Spearman correlation and Student t-test. The instrument of quality of life was analyzed according to its syntax , and multiple linear regression between potential confounding variables and depression and quality of life was also performed . The statistical program used was the Statistic Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) version 20.0 . The level of significance for the tests was 0.05 % . From a population of 959 nurses were randomly selected and 635 participated in the survey 519 professionals , including nursing technicians ( 85.7 % ) and nurses ( 14.3% ) . The results showed that professionals were predominantly female (82.9 %), aged 19-67 years old, mean 36.9 years old. The married or those who had stable relationship accounted for 53.8 %. 8.9% lived alone, 49.1% had one or two children. Income of one to two minimum wages was represented by 18.9% professionals and 49.3 % professionals from three to five. Regarding the shift, 60.7 % belonged to the daytime and 39.3 % to the night. 29.9 % of the professionals had another job and 57.8 %, the majority, worked overtime. The average daily hours of sleep was 6.43 hours. From the professionals who reported having some kind of disease 7.7% reported depression, 10.6% heart disease, 11.6 %, musculoskeletal disease and 31.4 % had lost working days in the last two years. In this study the presence of the signs indication of depression was 21.9 %. The depression score associated sociodemographic variables revealed that only the gender variable was statistically significant (p =0.04). The female (mean = 9.66) had higher mean depression, as in the general population. Regarding QOL the environmental domain had the less score (56.20) and the social domain had higher mean score of quality of life (92.64). For the environmental variables of employment (p = 0.01) , position (p = 0.0004) and work shift (p = 0.01) were statistically significant , implying higher mean QOL for professionals approved in open tendering, nurse position and the night shift, contradicting other studies that showed that this shift is a predisposing factor for depression. For the social and psychological domains, only the gender variable was statistically significant, with p = 0.02 and p= 0.0002, respectively, where the average QOL were higher for males. The depression score impacted negatively on the quality of life in all areas, with p < 0.001, with strong association to all areas where the physical (r = -0.62), environmental (r = -0.51), social (r = -0.58) and psychological (r = -0.69). Negative values show that the lower the quality of life, the higher the depression score. This work may contribute to new actions considering the health of the worker. It is necessary measures to evaluate QOL and depression at nursing work as a parameter for education in health, performance appraisal, job satisfaction, and customer care.