O significado de atuar em uma equipe de saúde da família: estudo de caso com cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Uberaba/MG

Abstract

Great changes occurred in the Brazilian health politics in the 90s, due to the necessity of ruptures with the forms of organization in the health system of that time. But it was in 1994 that the summit of these changes happened, when the Ministry of Health presented the Family Health Program, nowadays Family Health Strategy (FHS), which aims the strengthening of the primary attention to health. The inclusion of the Dental Surgeons (DS) in the FHS initiated only in 2001 and it was characterized by an increase of the oral health attendance in every region of the country. In this sense, the odontology has familiarized with the changes in the traditional assistential model, targeting to the preventive care and to the oral health promotion, based on the interdisciplinarity and on the perspective of care integrality. This study aimed to reveal the everyday practices of the working DS in the ESF; identify the perception of the dental surgeon about their formation and capacitation of acting in the FHS and comprehend how the DS mean the experience of acting in a team of health of the family. It is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory characteristic having The Case Study as the mean of investigation. The case delimitated in this study was a group of DS from the FHS in Uberaba/MG which was composed by 41 professionals. For data collecting interviews were proceeded with DS who were sorted to the reach of the theoretical saturation, what occurred with 15 interviews. After an exhaustive reading of the discourses, 632 unities of register were extracted, which originated the following categories and subcategories of analysis: The everyday life of the dental surgeon in the perspective of the FHS; The self perception about the professional formation and acting in the FHS; The meanings of acting in the FHS and their subcategories: Revealed challenges in the everyday practices and the satisfaction of working in this new way of promoting health. We revealed that the everyday activities of these professionals perpasses by the activities developed in the Health Unit, by their dentist offices; by the prevention practices and health education, by collective actions in schools, day care centers, long-permanence institutions; by home visiting; by the team work; by the bond with the population and by the moments of the continuous education. In the perception of these professionals their formation didn‟t attribute the approach of the integral assistance, the collective dimension, and didn‟t stimulate the prevention and the health promotion. Among many meanings referred by the DS, challenges related to the professional depreciation are found; either by the assisted population, or by the management; as well as the complexity of the profession, the shortage of material resources and the suffering originated by the work. On the other hand, they also referred to the satisfaction, the gratitude, the personal and professional growth and to the learning that is obtained in this practice, as meanings that evolve and attract the professionals to the acting in the FHS. It is possible to perceive the existence of a strong human potential in those who dedicate and make an effort in the face of the challenges, proving that it is possible to change and do something new, even when there is a few in their favor.