Autoestima e qualidade de vida de estomizados secundário ao câncer colorretal

Abstract

According to global estimates, colorectal cancer was established as the third most common type of cancer among men and the second among women. The main surgical treatment results in the construction of a stoma. The externalization of the intestine through the abdominal wall, in addition to changing the elimination standards, can determine changes in biopsicosocioais dimensions, thus changing the self-esteem (SE) and quality of life related to health (QLRH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-esteem and quality of life related to health ostomy patients for colorectal cancer. It is cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. To collect data, were used three instruments: one containing questions regarding socio-demographic and clinical data, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire "Core" 30 items (EORTC- QLQ-C30). For the statistical analysis of quantitative variables measures of central tendency and variability were used for categorical and absolute and percentage frequency measures. Variables defined as categorical variables were compared to the scores of self-esteem and quality of life, using the Student t test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, respectively, and for quantitative Pearson correlation. The study included 36 ostomy, with a mean age of 63.97 years, low education, retirees, with companion. Regarding their clinical aspects, most had ostomy for over a year, the predominant type of stoma colostomy was permanent basis and located on the left abdominal quadrant. With regard to SE, the average was 18.88, considered satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.9. A significant difference (p = 0.03) between the average scores SE and location of the stoma. The quality of life related to health presented to be satisfactory, with an average global health scale (GHS) of 77.7 and functional scales with scores above 60. When the relation of QRLH with the sociodemographic and clinical variables, we found statistically significant differences between: the social function domain and marital status, duration, location and stoma time; financial difficulties and marital status; GHS and type of stoma, age; cognitive function and pain with stoma site; role play and time of stoma, age; fatigue and age; insomnia and ostomy time. Moreover, it identified correlation between SE and QRLH in all functional and GHS scales. The ostomy presented SE and satisfactory QRLH, but more significant limitations in social matters. The correlation between SE and most EORTC scales express the influence that feelings and perceptions of itself have the quality of life. Knowing the levels of SE and QRLH, as well as the variables that influence subsidizes care planning, rehabilitation and social autonomy of ostomy patients.