Níveis de atividade física e barreiras e facilitadores para sua prática entre adolescentes surdos e ouvintes

Abstract

Today one of the major concerns discussed in relation to the population of children and adolescents has been insufficient physical activity or the use of unhealthy diets, with large energy imbalances with serious implications for health and well-being. Research focused on the causes and description of these scenarios for the implementation of actions that encourage behavioral changes in individuals, families and communities, especially in populations in cultural linguistic minority as deaf, were not found in the literature. Thus, this study aims to investigate and compare the environmental factors for physical activity according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - ICF and the physical activity levels among deaf and hearing adolescents. This quantitative, descriptive and comparative analytical investigative nature we used the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (QAFA) and ICF Checklist instruments with a focus on contextual and environmental factors, which are translated and applied to the deaf population in Brazilian signs language (LIBRAS). The results raised significant statistical difference between the deaf and hearing adolescents in their levels of physical activity, with 29.03% of the group of deaf adolescents were classified as active, while 61.29% of the adolescents hearing were classified active (p <0.05). Despite deaf adolescents, also present more barriers and fewer facilitators than adolescents hearing, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. This study corroborated with other national studies that study the physical activity in the population of adolescents, confirming low levels of physical activity also found in other samples of adolescents in the country. Despite the deaf group presented with more negative outcomes compared to the group of hearing the results for one population and not expose other disabilities related to biological condition, but reflect challenges regarding cultural condition. Being Deaf in a bit sensitive to the multiplicity environment, tailored only to the hearing, can result in negative outcomes for this population compared to the population of hearing.