Técnica de solução de problemas: intervenção em idosos com indicativo de depressão

Abstract

In the current context, the elderly Brazilians living with various problems in the physical, social and psychological, representing a triggering factor for depressive symptoms with a negative impact on various aspects of life of these individuals. In this light, highlights the need for intervention strategies to elderly health initiatives point to reach broader aspects, and therefore is a challenge, ensuring actions capable of assigning meaning to life, providing the elderly to develop new perspectives to the challenges ahead. Thus, the Technical Troubleshooting ( TSP ) emerges as a therapeutic strategy for depressed patients configured as a possibility approach to be performed by nurses , provided with characteristics , skills and a scientific / theoretical . Thus , this study aims to assess the impact of TSP through therapeutic groups as a strategy for intervention with older adults with depression indicative of attending Elderly Care Unit ( ECU ), and specifically , to trace socio demographic and economic profile of the elderly ; estimate the prevalence of depression indication ; compare scores indicative of depression before and after the intervention , describing the impact of TSP on coping strategies used to cope with problems before and after the intervention ; unveil potential of TSP through therapeutic groups as a strategy for intervention with elderly indicative of depressão. Trata is a study of approaches quali / quantitative , according to the proposed goals . The survey was conducted in the IAU Uberaba - MG, persons 60 years or older, of both sexes, who attended the unit periodically. The study was developed in two stages, as follows: Step 1: Socioeconomic / demographic and estimate prevalence of depression; Step 2: Intervention development of TSP through therapeutic groups and Evaluation. The instruments used were: Brazilian Functional Assessment Questionnaire and Multidimensional ( BOMFAQ ), Geriatric Depression Scale Short ; Coping Strategies Inventory . Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in single frequency. The prevalence rate was according to the formula number of existing cases in a given site x 10 time period n divided by population in the same place and time. We also calculated compared the scores obtained before and after the intervention in order to highlight changes, through T Test - test. For data analysis of coping strategies, obtained by the Coping Strategies Inventory - Jaloitec was calculated relative score. The statements in the emerging therapeutic groups was made in ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis software, guided by the theory of Bardin (2010 ) . The project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, under protocolo 2316 . The study showed that of the 317 seniors who attend IAU most were represented by females with 73.73 %. 46.2 % were between 60 ├ 70, predominated with 36.7 % widowed, have a five -year study ( 59.17 % ) and are mainly housewives ( 59.17 % ) . Most homeowners have paid off ( 78.79 % ) with an income of one (1 ) salary ( 39.87 % ) . With respect to the estimated prevalence of depression was identified value of 30.9 %. Mean depression scores at pre-intervention period was 10.73 and post - intervention 5.27, showing a significant difference between the mean scores of depression ( p = .00 ) . The results also indicated that the Coping Strategies , used for troubleshooting , before the intervention , were predominantly focused on emotions , with emphasis on the emotional strategy ( 36.3 % ) , and it was found that the strategies adopted after intervention were confrontiva and sustentativa, totaling 63.6 % of individuals who are positive strategies , problem-focused , increasing chances of effective resolutions . The results shown potential as the TSP group showed therapeutic reworking the meaning of depression and understanding of the problem through the analysis of depressive symptomatology and cognitive reflection on the factors precursors of depression ; designing new strategies for solving the problems of life , development behavior towards life and building intrinsic meanings of therapeutic groups . Identified personal empowerment and improved coping skills and adaptation, highlighting the impact of intervention effects in the home environment, family relationships and how to understand and interpret situations , minimizing depressive symptoms . Finally, this study raised issues of great relevance and optimized evidence of this therapeutic approach as a treatment for depressed patients with reduced costs and feasibility of short-term treatment, which meets the needs from the point of view of public health Brazil.