Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade como uma estratégia de tratamento alternativo para mulheres na pós-menopausa com alto risco de diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Menopause is associated with changes in body composition and increases in inflammatory markers. The chronic inflammation cause insulin resistance and diabetes. In contrast, combined training (COM) is able to prevent or ameliorate chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders in elderly. However, the COM presents a long period session which may be a common reason to people not do exercise due to lack of time. Thus, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) appears as a proposal for a time-efficient treatment. However, there are few randomized controlled trials to support the HIIT as alternative time-efficient treatment strategy in older adults, mainly in older women at risk for metabolic disorders. The objective was compared the effects of an adapted HIIT protocol with a COM protocol on body composition and muscle strength and insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women (PW) with high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). Sixteen PW high risk for TDM2 were divided into two groups: HIIT (n=8) and COM (n=8). Both groups performed a three–day-a-week routine for 12 weeks. The body composition was measured using DXA. The blood indicators were measured by automated methods and inflammatory makers were measured by markers enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay. Both groups led to significant (P < 0.05) increase in muscle mass index (MMI) and IL1ra and significant decrease in fasting glucose, HbA1c, Insulin, HOMA-IR and MCP-1 (trend to MCP-1, P = 0.056). The effects of HIIT were statistically (P > 0.05) indistinguishable from the effects of COMT. There were significant (P < 0.05) interactions of time by groups in muscle strength, indicating that only the COMT increased muscle strength. In HIIT, a significant increase in IL-6 was noted from pretraining to post-training. Negative correlations were observed between the changes in IL-6 with the changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05) only in HIIT group. The results of the present investigation suggest that the adapted HIIT protocol is an alternative time-efficient treatment strategy to improve muscle mass, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in PW with high risk for TDM2.