Avaliação imuno-histológica de CD15, CD57 e HIF-1α em mucosa periimplantar

Abstract

Introduction: Peri-implantitis is a chronic inflammatory lesion of probable bacterial etiology characterized by inflammation of the mucosa as well as bone loss around the dental implant. Peri-implant lesions have infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. No studies reporting the association between hypoxia and peri-implantitis were found. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes and expression of antibodies anti-CD15, anti-CD57 and anti-HIF-1α in the peri-implant gingiva of patients with and without peri-implantitis. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study used gingival biopsies from 28 patients, 18 with peri-implantitis and 10 without peri-implantitis, and was conducted at a private health care center between 2010 and 2012. The sections were fixed in buffered formalin 10%, processed and embedded in paraffin for histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Results: Acanthosis, spongiosis and exocytosis were observed in both groups, without significant difference between them in acanthosis and spongiosis, and significantly higher in exocytosis in the peri-implantitis group. In the peri-implantitis group, there was an increased expression of CD-15 antibody, a marker of neutrophils, and HIF-1α, a tissue hypoxia marker. There was no statistical difference in the expression of anti-CD57, a natural killer cell marker. Conclusion: Significantly stronger expression of HIF-1α in the peri-implantitis group leads us to conclude that, besides bacterial infection, hypoxia would represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of peri-implant disease. In addition, we suggested that although inflammation and exocytosis were more severe in patients with periimplantitis, acanthosis and spongiosis would not be epithelial changes typical of this disease.