Violência sofrida e violência infligida por dependentes químicos: uma transmissão transgeracional

Abstract

The abusive and dependent use of licit and illicit drugs is one of the main public health problems in today's society and its relevance raises several concerns, considering the plurality of problems brought not only to users, but also to their relatives and society. Two studies were carried out to investigate violence and its relationship with family, society and the use of drugs. The first study was carried out according to the perception of 12 internal chemical dependents being treated in a therapeutic community in Minas Gerais. And the second study was carried out according to the perception of nine relatives of the inmates. Both studies were qualitative research. A semi-structured interview script was used for each study for data collection. The data were treated by the Bardin content analysis and interpreted according to the systemic family theory and the literature on the area of drug dependence, family and violence. From the analysis of the first study, four categories emerged: 1 - living with alcoholism and family violence in childhood, in which the inmates lived with at least one alcohol and / or other drug user within the family, claiming to have suffered several types of violence in childhood; 2- violence inflicted by the inmate before the use of drugs, was mainly robberies and thefts, the interpersonal violence in the community; 3 - violence inflicted by the inmate after the use of drugs, occurred directed to itself (self-aggression), to relatives and to society (interpersonal); 4 - violence suffered after the use of drugs, in which they reported discrimination, aggression and / or prosecution of police officers. The analysis of the data of the second study produced three categories: 1- violence suffered by the inmate before the use of alcohol and other drugs, in which the relatives reported the physical, psychological, sexual violence and neglect suffered by inmates in childhood; 2 - violence inflicted by the inmate during the use of alcohol and other drugs, in which they described physical and psychological aggressions of inmates directed to the family and to society; 3- violence suffered during the use of alcohol and other drugs, which interviewees pointed to the physical violence of family members, police officers and drug trafficking, as well as discrimination against people. Based on the data of the two studies, we discuss the experience of different types of violence in childhood and adolescence, associated with living with psychoactive substance abuse by close relatives, which probably contributed to the drug dependence and violent behaviors of the inmate. Poverty and social vulnerability are also influential, as is the violence of drug trafficking and the police. These studies lead to a reflection on the transgenerationality of both psychoactive drug use and violence, which needs to be discontinued for effective treatment and prevention for the next generations. There is also a need to improve police and professional strategies to address the problem, such as the involvement of families in treatment.