Influências da vivência com a própria mãe no exercício da maternidade

Abstract

O presente artigo constitui-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica acerca da influência da vivência com a própria mãe (avó materna) no exercício da maternidade até os 24 meses do bebê. A partir de buscas realizadas nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Index Psicologia, PePSIC e SciELO, entre 2012 e 2018, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, foram recuperados 11 artigos, nacionais e internacionais, analisados na íntegra. Nos trabalhos internacionais, predominaram pesquisas de metodologia quantitativa e de delineamento longitudinal. Os principais aspectos influenciadores discutidos pelos artigos foram: apego materno, transmissão intergeracional e transgeracional, e representações maternas. Os estudos apontaram a importância da história anterior da mãe com sua própria mãe para o comportamento parental na atualidade e para a construção da relação da mãe com seu bebê. Destaca-se a necessidade de publicações nacionais e de artigos qualitativos para a compreensão dos fenômenos e dos aspectos subjetivos envolvidos no exercício da maternidade.

A maternidade faz parte do ciclo vital e é um marco no desenvolvimento psicológico do indivíduo. A gravidez pode ser considerada um reflexo das experiências vividas ao longo de toda a vida. O exercício da maternidade exige da mulher – agora mãe – reelaborações mentais de aspectos relacionados às experiências com a própria mãe, às vivências da mãe consigo mesma e às vivências com o bebê. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o relacionamento da mãe participante com a própria mãe (avó materna), bem como compreender os aspectos psicológicos da vivência dessa mãe no exercício da maternidade. Participaram 6 mães primíparas, com idades entre 20 e 35 anos, no período de 4 a 24 meses após o parto. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada. Observou-se que as avós maternas desenvolvem um papel fundamental no exercício da maternidade da mãe, atuando como suporte e modelo parental. Aspectos da transmissão intergeracional também foram identificados. Os resultados apontam a importância de estratégias que contribuam com as orientações oferecidas a essas mães.

Motherhood is part of the life cycle and is a milestone in the individual's psychological development. Pregnancy can be considered as a reflection of the experiences lived throughout the life. The exercise of motherhood demands from the woman - now mother - mental re-elaborations of aspects related to the experiences with the own mother, the experiences of the mother with herself and the experiences with the baby. The objective of the first syudy was realize an integrative review of the scientific literature about the influence of the experience with the own mother (maternal grandparent) in the exercise of motherhood up to 24 months of the baby. Through searches conducted in the dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Index Psicologia, PePSIC e SciELO, between 2012 and 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, 11 articles were retrieved, national and international, analyzed in their entirety. In the international works, researches of quantitative methodology and of longitudinal design predominated. The main influential aspects discussed by the articles were: maternal attachment, intergenerational and transgenerational transmission, and maternal representations. The studies pointed out the importance of the mother's previous history with her own mother for parental behavior in the present and for the construction of the mother's relationship with her baby. It is important to emphasize the need for national publications and qualitative articles to understand the phenomena and the subjectivities aspects involved in the exercise of motherhood. The second study aimed of the study was to know the relationship of the participating mother with the mother (maternal grandmother), as well as to understand the psychological aspects of the mother's experience in the practice of motherhood. Six primiparous mothers, aged between 20 and 35 years, participated in the period from 4 to 24 months postpartum. The instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. It was observed that maternal grandmothers play a fundamental role in the exercise of mother's motherhood, acting as support and parental model. Aspects of intergenerational transmission were also identified. The results indicate the importance of strategies that contribute to the guidelines offered to these mothers.

The current article is an integrative review of the scientific literature about the influence of the experience with the own mother (maternal grandparent) in the exercise of motherhood up to 24 months of the baby. Through searches conducted in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, Index Psicologia, PePSIC e SciELO, between 2012 and 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, 11 articles were retrieved, national and international, analyzed in their entirety. In the international works, researches of quantitative methodology and of longitudinal design predominated. The main influential aspects discussed by the articles were: maternal attachment, intergenerational and transgenerational transmission, and maternal representations. The studies pointed out the importance of the mother's previous history with her own mother for parental behavior in the present and for the construction of the mother's relationship with her baby. It is important to emphasize the need for national publications and qualitative articles to understand the phenomena and the subjectivities aspects involved in the exercise of motherhood.

Motherhood is part of the life cycle and is a milestone in the individual's psychological development. Pregnancy can be considered as a reflection of the experiences lived throughout the life. The exercise of motherhood demands from the woman - now mother - mental re-elaborations of aspects related to the experiences with the own mother, the experiences of the mother with herself and the experiences with the baby. The objective of the study was to know the relationship of the participating mother with the mother (maternal grandmother), as well as to understand the psychological aspects of the mother's experience in the practice of motherhood. Six primiparous mothers, aged between 20 and 35 years, participated in the period from 4 to 24 months postpartum. The instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. It was observed that maternal grandmothers play a fundamental role in the exercise of mother's motherhood, acting as support and parental model. Aspects of intergenerational transmission were also identified. The results indicate the importance of strategies that contribute to the guidelines offered to these mothers. Keywords: Maternity; mother-Child Relations; intergenerational transmission; maternal representations.