Transgeracionalidade e os modos familiares de transmitir significados do casamento entre as gerações

Abstract

Considering the family’s influence on the meaning of conjugal and family practices and their transmission between the generations, the objective of the present dissertation was to investigate the way the meanings attributed to marriage are transmitted between three family generations. This dissertation was composed by two studies, one documentary and the other one empirical. Study 1 is an integrative review of the national and international scientific literature, whose objective was to understand the transgenerational transmission of elements among the generations of families, focusing on conjugal and family practices. The search for the data was guided by the question "In which way are the conjugal and family patterns transmitted between generations?" and made in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO and PePSIC. Articles published in indexed journals, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, between January/2007 and October/2017 were included. 102 studies composed the corpus, predominating the quantitative method, written in English and made in Brazil. The productions explored aspects such as the family as a privileged means of transmission; learning of family educational practices; family influence in the construction of affective bonds; role of marriage and illness processes. Families have varied ways of transmitting content between generations, reinforcing the idea of the preexistence of a story transmitted as a family legacy and that interweaves individual development and family development. Study 2 is a multiple case study, with a qualitative approach, that investigated the way the meanings assigned to marriage are transmitted between three family generations. Individual interviews and genograms were used to investigate two families. The six participants are women, belonging to three different generations, and they are aged between 28 and 90 years. The collected data were audiographed and transcribed integrally for a subsequent submission to the thematic content analysis and a posteriori elaboration of the following categories: (a) Family influence in the construction of the conjugal bond; (b) The construction of the feminine and the social roles - mother, daughter, wife and professional; (c) Marriage as an updater of family heritages. The systemic perspective was the theoretical reference used to interpret the data found. Marriage appeared as an important event in the life history of all the interviewees, but with different approaches for each generation, considering the sociocultural influences of the time of their marriages. The 1st generation was married in the 1950s and 1960s, the 2nd generation was married in the 1980s, while the 3rd generation was married after the 2000s. The results highlighted the family influence on the conjugal bond, the construction of the feminine roles and the transmission of family heritages through the generations. The mechanisms found for the transmission of the meanings of marriage were: learning of behaviors linked to feminine; sharing daily life experiences; family traditions; relational patterns reinforced in the family and socially. The facilitating or limiting power of transgenerational patterns has highlighted the importance of transgenerational and gender issues to understand the transmission of content as a way to maintain the family legacy. Both studies tried to provide contents that can enrich the literature of the study theme and contribute to clinical practice in individual, marital, family and social levels.

O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi compreender a transmissão transgeracional de elementos entre as gerações das famílias, com foco nas práticas conjugais e familiares. Pergunta norteadora: De que modo são transmitidos os padrões conjugais e familiares entre as gerações? Bases/bibliotecas: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO e PePSIC. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em periódicos indexados, em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicados entre janeiro/2007 e outubro/2017. Compuseram o corpus 102 estudos, com predomínio do método quantitativo (49,01%), redigidos em inglês (54,9%) e realizados no Brasil (45,09%). As produções exploraram os seguintes aspectos: a família como meio privilegiado de transmissão; aprendizagem de práticas educativas em família; influência familiar na construção dos vínculos afetivos; papel do casamento e processos de adoecimento. As famílias apresentam modos variados de transmitir conteúdos entre as gerações, reforçando a ideia da preexistência de uma história transmitida como um legado familiar e que entrelaça o desenvolvimento individual ao desenvolvimento da família.

The objective of this integrative review was to understand the transgenerational transmission of elements among the generations of families, focusing on conjugal and family practices. Guiding question: In which way are the conjugal and family patterns transmitted between generations? Bases/libraries: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO and PePSIC. Articles published in indexed journals, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, between January/2007 and October/2017 were included. 102 studies composed the corpus, predominating the quantitative method (49,01%), written in English (54,9%) and made in Brazil (45,09%). The following aspects were explored in the productions: the family as a privileged means of transmission; learning of family educational practices; family influence in the construction of affective bonds; role of marriage and illness processes. Families have varied ways of transmitting content between generations, reinforcing the idea of the preexistence of a story transmitted as a family legacy and that interweaves individual development and family development.

El objetivo de esta revisión integrativa fue comprender la transmisión transgeneracional de elementos entre las generaciones de las familias, con foco en las prácticas conyugales y familiares. Pregunta norteadora: ¿De qué modo son transmitidos los patrones conyugales y familiares entre las generaciones? Bases/bibliotecas: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO y PePSIC. Fueron incluidos artículos publicados en periódicos indexados, en portugués, inglés o español, publicados entre enero/2007 y octubre/2017. El corpus fue compuesto de 102 estudios, con predominio del método cuantitativo (49,01%), redactados en inglés (54,9%) y realizados en Brasil (45,09%). Las producciones exploraron los siguientes aspectos: la familia como medio privilegiado de transmisión; aprendizaje de prácticas educativas en familia; influencia familiar en la construcción de los vínculos afectivos; papel del matrimonio y procesos de enfermedad. Las familias presentan modos variados de transmitir contenidos entre las generaciones, reforzando la idea de la preexistencia de una historia transmitida como un legado familiar y que entrelaza el desenvolvimiento individual al desenvolvimiento de la familia.

A família é um meio privilegiado de transmissão de padrões. Este estudo de casos múltiplos investigou o modo como os significados atribuídos ao casamento são transmitidos entre três gerações familiares. Entrevistas individuais e genogramas foram utilizados para investigar duas famílias, a partir da perspectiva sistêmica. Participaram seis mulheres de três gerações, com idades entre 28 e 90 anos. Os resultados destacaram a influência familiar no vínculo conjugal, a construção dos papéis femininos e a transmissão das heranças familiares. Os mecanismos para a transmissão dos significados do casamento foram a aprendizagem de comportamentos ligados ao feminino, compartilhamento de experiências cotidianas, tradições familiares e padrões relacionais reforçados na família e socialmente. Expectativas anteriores ao matrimônio e a bagagem trazida das famílias de origem foram evidenciadas nos papéis sociais e resolução de conflitos. Destacaram-se questões transgeracionais e de gênero para entender a transmissão de conteúdos como uma maneira de manter o legado familiar.

The family is a privileged means of transmitting patterns. This multiple case study investigated the way the meanings assigned to marriage are transmitted between three family generations. Individual interviews and genograms were used to investigate two families from the systemic perspective. Six women of three generations participated, aged between 28 and 90 years. The results highlighted the family influence on the conjugal bond, the construction of the feminine roles and the transmission of family heritages. The mechanisms for the transmission of the meanings of marriage were the learning of behaviors linked to feminine, sharing daily life experiences, family traditions and relational patterns reinforced in the family and socially. Expectations before the marriage and the baggage brought from the families of origin were evidenced in the social roles and conflict resolution. Transgenerational and gender issues were highlighted to understand the transmission of content as a way to maintain the family legacy.

La familia es un medio privilegiado de transmisión de patrones. Este estudio de casos múltiples investigó el modo como los significados atribuidos al matrimonio son transmitidos entre tres generaciones familiares. Entrevistas individuales y genogramas fueron utilizados para investigar dos familias, a partir de la perspectiva sistémica. Participaron seis mujeres de tres generaciones, con edades entre 28 y 90 años. Los resultados destacaron la influencia familiar en el vínculo conyugal, la construcción de los papeles femeninos y la transmisión de las herencias familiares. Los mecanismos para la transmisión de los significados del matrimonio fueron el aprendizaje de comportamientos ligados al femenino, compartir experiencias cotidianas, tradiciones familiares y patrones relacionales reforzados en la familia y socialmente. Expectativas anteriores al matrimonio y el legado traído de las familias de origen fueron evidenciadas en los papeles sociales y resolución de conflictos. Se destacaron cuestiones transgeneracionales y de género para entender la transmisión de contenidos como una manera de mantener el legado familiar.