Associação da aptidão física e desempenho acadêmico em crianças matriculadas no 5º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas do município de Patos de Minas/MG

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the association of physical fitness with academic performance in child on 5th grade of public schools in the city of Patos de Minas / MG. A cross-sectional study was performed, with a sample of n = 185 children. The sociodemographic, anthropometric variables, body composition (Body Mass Index, Fat Percentage), physical activity, sitting time, and physical fitness were evaluated using the Fitnessgram test battery (aerobic capacity, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility) and academic performance, collected from the secretariat of each participating school. For article 1 a Poisson regression was performed, through which the factors associated with academic performance were identified. The Wald test was used to determine statistical significance. Gross (p ≤ 0.20) and adjusted (p <0.05) analyzes were performed. In article 2, a descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample, generating absolute and relative frequencies. The Kolgomorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. The comparison between gender was performed by the Mann Withney test. Through the Spearman test, the bivariate correlation between BMI variables, physical fitness tests, physical activity, sitting time and grades in Portuguese, Mathematics, Geography, History, Science and Global mean of the subjects was verified. In the Poisson regression, in the crude analysis, gender, economic class, BMI, BF% and Pacer test showed a significant association with academic performance (p ≤ 0.20). The other physical fitness tests were not associated with the academic performance of the students (Abdomen test: PR = 1.033, 95% CI: 0.319-3.351, Arm flexion test PR = 0.701, 95% CI: 0.278-1.764, Trunk extension test PR= 1.708, 95% CI: 0.711-4.106). After the adjusted analysis, they remained significantly associated with academic performance (PR = 2.493, 95% CI: 1.029-6.041, p = 0.043) and economic class (PR = 6.583, 95% CI 2.577-16.820, p <0.001) .The comparison between gender, there was a correlation between academic performance and physical fitness among the girls, mainly for pacer (p = 0.223; p = 0.242, p<0,05). For boys significant correlation with BMI academic performance (overall average: ρ = -0.224; Math: ρ = -0.230; Geography: ρ = -0.278; History: ρ = -0.241 and Science: ρ = -0.230; p < 0.05) and association between sitting time and academic performance [Global mean (6.4%, p = 0.019) and mathematics (5.8%; p = 0.025)] and physical activity and academic performance [History , 9%, p = 0.039) and Science (4.8%, p = 0.042)]. Gender and economic class of children in the 5th grade of public schools in Patos de Minas / MG were associated with academic performance. Boys and economic class D-E respectively, approximately six and two times higher prevalence for insufficient grades. In the comparison between boys and girls, physical fitness, BMI, physical activity and sitting time were associated with academic performance, was observed differences between boys and girls. Boys had significant results of academic performance with BMI, sitting time and physical activity, while for girls it was observed a significant result of academic performance and physical fitness.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associação do desempenho acadêmico global e aptidão física em crianças matriculadas no 5º ano de escolas públicas do município de Patos de Minas/MG. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, com amostra de n=185 crianças. Foram coletadas as variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas, composição corporal - Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Percentual de Gordura (%GC), aptidão física avaliada por meio da bateria de testes Fitnessgram (aptidão cardiorrespiratória, força e resistência muscular, flexibilidade) e o desempenho acadêmico foi coletado junto à secretaria de cada escola participante. As associações foram verificadas pela regressão de Poisson, utilizando o desempenho acadêmico como variável dependente. RESULTADOS: Na análise bruta, o sexo, classe econômica, IMC, %GC e o teste Pacer apresentaram associação significativa com o desempenho acadêmico (p ≤ 0,20). Os demais testes de aptidão física não foram associados ao desempenho acadêmico das crianças (Teste Abdômen: RP=1,033; IC95%: 0,319-3,351; Teste flexão braço RP=0,701; IC95%: 0,278-1,764; Teste extensão de tronco RP=1,708; IC95%: 0,711-4,106). Após a análise ajustada, se mantiveram significativamente associados ao desempenho acadêmico o sexo (RP=2,493; IC 95%:1,029-6,041, p=0,043) e classe econômica (RP=6,583; IC 95%: 2,577-16,820, p<0,001). O sexo masculino e a classe econômica D-E apresentaram, aproximadamente, duas e seis vezes maior prevalência para desempenho acadêmico insuficiente, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O sexo e a classe econômica de escolares do 5º ano de escolas públicas de Patos de Minas/MG foram associados ao desempenho acadêmico.

The aim of this study was to verify the association between academic performance and physical fitness in children on 5th grade of public schools in the city of Patos de Minas/MG. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 185 children. The sociodemographic, anthropometric variables - body composition, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (BF%), physical fitness by Fitnessgram test battery (aerobic capacity, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility) and academic performance were collected on school. The association has been verified by Poisson regression and academic performance as a dependent variable. RESULTS: In the crude analysis, gender, economic class, BMI, BF% and Pacer test were associated with academic performance (p ≤ 0.20). The other physical fitness tests were not associated with the academic performance (Abdomen test: PR = 1.033, 95% CI: 0.319-3.351, Arm flexion test PR = 0.701, 95% CI: 0.278-1.764, Trunk flexibility PR = 1.708, 95% CI: 0.711-4.106). After adjusted analysis, remained significantly associated with academic performance the sex (PR = 2.493, 95% CI: 1.029-6.041, p = 0.043) and economic class (PR = 6.583, 95% CI 2.577-16.820, p <0.001). The boys and economic class D-E was approximately, two and six times greater prevalence for insufficient academic achievement, respectively. CONCLUSION: the sex and economic class of children enrolled in 5th grade of Patos de Minas/MG public schools were associated with academic performance.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre aptidão física, hábitos de vida e desempenho acadêmico de crianças matriculadas no 5º ano de escolas públicas do município de Patos de Minas/MG. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com amostra de n=185 crianças. Foram coletadas as variáveis: atividade física, tempo sentado, Índice de Massa Corporal, aptidão física avaliada por meio da bateria de testes Fitnessgram (Força e resistência abdominal, extensão do tronco, flexão de braço e pacer) e o desempenho acadêmico foi coletado nas secretaria de cada escola participante. Foi utilizado o teste de Kolgomorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade dos dados. A comparação entre os sexos foi realizada pelo teste de Mann Withney. Por meio do teste de Spearman foi verificada a correlação bivariada. A regressão linear foi realizada para testar a associação entre as variáveis: aptidão física, IMC, atividade física, tempo sentado e desempenho acadêmico. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que entre as meninas houve correlação entre desempenho acadêmico e aptidão física para o pacer (Média global: ρ= 0,242; Português: ρ= 0,324; Matemática: ρ=0,247; Ciências: ρ=0,223; p<0,05). Para os meninos houve correlação significativa do desempenho acadêmico com IMC (Média global: ρ=-0,224; Matemática: ρ=-0,230; Geografia: ρ=-0,278; História: ρ=-0,241 e Ciências: ρ=-0,230; p<0,05) e associação entre tempo sentado e desempenho acadêmico [Média global R²=0,064; p=0,019) e Matemática (R²=0,058; p=0,025)] e tempo de atividade física e desempenho acadêmico [História (R²=0,049; p=0,039) e Ciências (R²=0,048; p=0,042)]. CONCLUSÃO: Aptidão física, IMC, atividade física e tempo sentado se associaram ao desempenho acadêmico, com diferenças observadas entre meninos e meninas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association among physical fitness, lifestyle and academic performance of children in the 5th grade of public schools in Patos de Minas / MG. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 185 children. The variables Physical activity, sitting time, Body Mass Index, physical fitness were evaluated by Fitnessgram battery (aerobic capacity, muscular strength, endurance and flexibility) and academic performance was collected from the secretary of each participating school. The Kolgomorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. The comparison between the gender was performed by the Mann Withney test. The Spearman test verified bivariate correlation. Linear regression was performed to test the association among the variables: physical fitness, BMI, physical activity, sitting time and academic performance. RESULTS: The data showed that girls was a correlation between academic performance and physical fitness, mainly for pacer (Global mean: ρ = 0,242; Portuguese: ρ = 0,324; Mathematics: ρ = 0,247; Science: ρ = 0,223; , 05). For boys, there was a significant correlation of academic performance with BMI (Overall mean: ρ = -0.224; Mathematics: ρ = -0.230; Geography: ρ = -0.278; History: ρ = -0.224 and Science: 0.05) and association between sitting time and academic performance [Global mean (R²=0.064; p = 0.019) and mathematics (R²=0,058; p = 0.025)] and time of physical activity and academic performance [History (R²=0,049; p = 0.039) and Science (R²=0,048; p = 0.042)]. CONCLUSION: Physical fitness, BMI, physical activity and sitting time were associated with academic performance, with observed differences between boys and girls.