Efeito do treinamento com exercícios do método pilates na ativação elétrica muscular do membro inferior e na fadiga de futebolistas juvenis

Abstract

The increasing popularity of the Pilates Method is being increasingly evident, both in Brazil and in other countries. Despite being a useful tool in rehabilitation, the method can have broad approaches, taking into account that it can be used in any age group and by healthy individuals in order to prevent it. Football for being one of the most popular sports in the world and also for having a high rate of injuries due to the high demands of the professionals, uses of several types of training to improve mainly the performance of the athletes; Pilates is a great alternative to additional training for its benefits. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the Pilates method on various sports modalities and to investigate the effect on the flexibility of these athletes (article 1), as well as to verify if the Pilates training promotes changes in the electrical activity of the muscles of the lower limb and promote improvements in relation to the exhaustion and functional performance of the players in front of the performance test side hop test. Fifteen youth soccer players participated in the study, in which the Pilates Group (n = 7) received the intervention with the method and was compared to the Control Group (n = 8) through the evaluation of the side hop test in repetitions and exhaustion without and with electromyography to investigate the effects on electrical activation of lower limb muscles. We found significant results for PG, compared to CG, in relation to exhaustion, both with EMG (p = 0.012) and without EMG (p = 0.005); and muscle activation, in which we can observe by means ± SD and median IQ that all PG muscles decreased their activation, taking into account motor learning. The efficiency of the Pilates method was concluded in both the exhaustion and the electrical activation of the muscles, and it was emphasized the importance of investing in research to better evaluate the method and its effects.

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática na literatura atual a fim de investigar os efeitos do Método Pilates em atletas de diferentes modalidades do esporte, e com a metanálise investigar o efeito do mesmo na flexibilidade desses atletas. Metodologia: busca nas bases dados SCIELO, LILACS, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS e para avaliar à qualidade metodológica dos estudos utilizou a escala PEDro, na qual foram inclusos estudos originais do tipo ensaio clinico quase experimental e experimental, relacionados ao tema, com acesso na íntegra por meio online e escritos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Resultados: dos 87 estudos encontrados somente quatro foram incluídos com total de 73 indivíduos. Observou-se nas duas metanálises que tanto a avaliação da flexibilidade com o Banco de Wells/ Teste de Sit-and-Reach (2,83; IC 95%: -0,73 a 6,38; I²=99%) quanto com o fleximetro (-0,78; IC 95%: -1,84 a 0,27; I²=0%) apesar dos estudos apontarem melhora, não houve diferença estatística significativa. Conclusão: são necessários estudos futuros com protocolos padronizados de acordo com a modalidade esportiva escolhida, para verificar de que modo o Método Pilates pode incrementar o desempenho dos atletas.

Objective: to carry out a systematic review in the current literature in order to investigate the effects of the Pilates Method on athletes of different sports modalities, and with the meta-analysis investigate the effect of the same on the flexibility of these athletes. METHODOLOGY: a search of the databases SCIELO, LILACS, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS and to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies used the PEDro scale, which included original studies of the experimental and experimental type, related to the subject, with access in full through online and written in Portuguese and English. Results: Of the 87 studies found, only four were included with a total of 73 individuals. It was observed in both meta-analyzes that both the flexibility assessment with the Wells Bank / Sit-and-Reach Test (2.83, 95% CI: -0.73 to 6.38, I² = 99%) and with (± 0.78, 95% CI: -1.84 to 0.27, I² = 0%), although the studies indicated improvement, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Future studies with standardized protocols according to the chosen sports modality are necessary to verify how the Pilates Method can increase athletes performance.

Introdução: pensando em como o futebol exige dos seus atletas, treinando-os no seu limite máximo e ficando mais susceptível a lesões; o Pilates por ter inúmeros benefícios poderia ser uma ferramenta útil como treinamento adicional ao habitual de uma equipe. Objetivos: verificar se o Pilates promove mudanças na atividade elétrica dos músculos do membro inferior e melhorias em relação à exaustão e desempenho funcional dos jogadores. Métodos: 15 jogadores juvenis (13 a 15 anos), divididos em Grupo Pilates (sete) e Grupo Controle (oito), na qual o grupo Pilates foi submetido a 15 sessões de Pilates. Avaliou-se a exaustão e a atividade elétrica dos músculos do membro inferior durante o side hop test. Resultados: em relação à exaustão houve melhora do grupo Pilates durante o side hop test com e sem a eletromiografia sendo realizada e a ativação muscular, na qual podemos observar pelas médias ± DP e mediana IQ que todos os músculos do grupo Pilates diminuíram sua ativação, levando em consideração a aprendizagem motora. Conclusão: O protocolo com Pilates é capaz de melhorar a exaustão e assim o desempenho funcional e ajudar na percepção da necessidade do recrutamento muscular durante o side hop test em jogadores juvenis.

Introduction: thinking about how football demands of its athletes, training them at their maximum limit and becoming more susceptible to injuries; Pilates by having numerous benefits could be a useful tool as additional training to a team's usual. Objectives: To verify if Pilates promotes changes in the electrical activity of the muscles of the lower limb and improvements in relation to the exhaustion and functional performance of the players. Methods: 15 young players (13 to 15 years old), divided into Pilates Group (seven) and Control Group (eight), in which the Pilates group underwent 15 Pilates sessions. The exhaustion and electrical activity of the lower limb muscles were evaluated during the side hop test. Results: in relation to exhaustion there was improvement of the Pilates group during the side hop test with and without electromyography being performed and muscle activation, in which we can observe by means ± SD and median IQ that all muscles of the Pilates group decreased their activation, taking into account motor learning. Conclusion: The protocol with Pilates is able to improve exhaustion and thus functional performance and help in the perception of the need for muscle recruitment during the side hop test in juvenile players.