O corpo criança na apropriação do espaço escolar: uma investigação no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate how children appropriate the school setting and to materialize and understand through illustrations, the feelings that children in the first year of elementary school have about the school in which they study. To achieve these objectives, the study was divided into two stages, where the first one was a deep reflection on the concept of space, based on geographic science, and the second one, the school setting and its appropriation from the perspective of the body and perception of the child, taking into account existential aspects of a phenomenological basis. The research was conducted in a public school in Uberaba - Minas Gerais, in two classrooms of the 1st year of elementary school with children aged between 6 and 7 years old. For the construction of the empirical material, the methods of research used were participant observation and field notes. Three observations were made in each class, throughout a full school day , and evolving the whole daily life of the classroom. Regarding the illustrations, twenty students were selected for this stage, ten from each class, and they received the following instructions: 1 - Draw what you like the most at school, 2 - Draw what you like the least at school, 3 - Draw what you would like to have at school. In total, 60 illustrations were collected. Each illustration was analyzed individually based on the elements of Peircean Semiotics. In regards to the moment of appropriation, we understand that it occurs in a diversified way, being intrinsic to each subject, yet, having great influences on the part of the teacher and the school community, which in many cases manipulate this appropriation. Regarding the illustrations, we conclude that what children like the most at school are physical activities, which are linked to Physical Education classes or recess. Regarding what they like the least, the results were more diverse, portraying moments such as getting told off in class,, experiencing fights and adverse situations within the classroom. Finally, in relation to what students would like to have in school, there was a great convergence, most of the participants showed a desire for a playground and or a swimming pool, which emphasizes the needs of the children for physical movement.