Paciente virtual para treinamento por simulação: uma revisão narrativa de literatura

Abstract

Teaching, using virtual patient technology as an educational tool for undergraduate health students, as well as its dynamization in the educational process, has brought great challenges and possibilities. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the use of virtual patients for training in simulation in order to obtain knowledge and better performance of students in the health area, prioritizing training for clinical care. The methodology used for narrative literature review, using the following descriptors in English: “virtual patient”, “simulation training”, “medical education”, with search applied in the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science databases, in the time limit from 2015 to July 2020 aiming to contemplate the current state of use of the virtual patient, related simulation training. A total of 236 articles were found, with a sample of 23 studies selected for content analysis. The results were presented in a narrative form, considering the information related to the articles and summarized in four thematic categories: a) use of the virtual patient and their dynamization in the educational process; b) applications in the use of the virtual patient; c) effectiveness in using the virtual patient; d) limitations and challenges in the use of the virtual patient. It was concluded that the simulation training using the virtual patient is effective, in conjunction with the teaching offered by higher education institutions, demonstrating an increase in attention, confidence, logical reasoning, decision making and student motivation, with feedback being essential the simulator itself and / or the educator.