Conjugalidade e parentalidade em casais do mesmo sexo com filhos por adoção: contribuições da transmissão psíquica

Abstract

From the consideration of the influence that the family of origin can exert in the construction of marital and parental practices, which can be understood from the notion of psychic transmission, the general objective of this study was to understand the marital and parental experiences of couples of the same sex, with children by adoption, from the elements of psychic transmission between generations. This work was divided into two studies, one of theoretical and the other empirical. Study 1 aimed to present an integrative review about the experiences of conjugality and parenthood by same-sex couples in comparison to heterosexual couples. From a search in the bases/libraries LILACS, PubMed, PePSIC, PsycINFO and SciELO (2007-2018), 23 studies were retrieved. It has been shown that the greatest differences appear in the way society perceives same-sex couples, and there are still many prejudices and stigmas that disqualify other dissident family patterns from those considered traditional and heteronormative. Study 2 aimed to investigate the elements of psychic transmission present in same-sex couples with children by adoption. Based on the multiple case methodology, three gay couples with children ranging from one to 11 years old were interviewed. The analysis showed that the marital relations of the participants seem to differ in terms of the models learned/experienced with the parents themselves. Already, parenthood seems to refer to behaviors and parenting practices experienced throughout life. The family of origin was recognized as an important influence in terms of the desire to establish a family and to validate parental practices. It can be concluded that the marital experiences of these couples can be traced back to the psychic processes seized and embodied in the families of these spouses, while at the same time moving permanently in relation to the families of origin and attempts of rupture in search of more adaptive models and with greater affective proximity between parents and children. In the domain of marital relationships, the rupture in relation to the families of origin occurred not only in terms of a non-traditional love choice, but also in the need for constant investment in the dimension of the couple, even though parenting has been increasing demands on these parents/mothers. Thus, in comparison with parenting, conjugality was the target of greater changes in relation to the family of origin. It is suggested that the studies to follow may accompany these families, especially the development of the children in the process of parenthood and marital relationships of their parents.