Saúde cardiovascular ideal e sua relação com a mortalidade e sobrevida de idosos.

Abstract

Population aging is a global trend. With the increase in longevity, cardiovascular diseases have been more prevalent causing mortality and higher health burdens. In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced the concept of optimal cardiovascular health in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and emphasize primary prevention. The cardiovascular health score includes 7 metrics namely: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health and all-cause mortality in elderly residents in the urban area of Alcobaça, BA. This is an observational, analytical, longitudinal study based on the “Longitudinal Health Study of the Elderly of Alcobaça (ELSIA)” and the monitoring of deaths over a period of 5 years. The elderly at the baseline of the study answered a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, economic and health information, cognitive function, diet, blood pressure levels, physical activity level, anthropometric data and biochemical tests. Data were tabulated and analyzes were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0, with a significance level of 5% (0.05). The Chi-square (χ2) test, Log-rank (Mantel-cox), Breslow (Generalized Wilconx) and Tarone-Ware tests and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves (p<0.05) were performed. A low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health was observed in 87.6% of the studied population. Associations were identified between the individual metric of physical activity and vital status (p=0.031), and the stratification of cardiovascular health with vital status (p=0.039). It was observed that individuals with scores below the discriminatory cutoff point (less than or equal to 2) have a higher risk of mortality from all causes. Optimal cardiovascular health is associated with survival and mortality in the elderly. The results of the present study can serve as support in the implementation and improvement of public policies to promote optimal cardiovascular health in order to reduce premature mortality.