Saúde mental da população prisional no interior de Minas Gerais

Abstract

As a contrary system to the underlying principle of social and free nature of human beings, the legal process of penalties can provoke negative and depreciating feelings in, and also about, people who experience it. Prisons are overcrowded spaces of individuals in these conditions, which turns this reality conducive to the development of emotional illnesses. This dissertation aimed to investigate the emotional health of the imprisoned population, especially their experiences of loneliness and suicide. Through two studies, the objective was achieved. Study 1 focused on an integrative literature review which aimed to identify the most investigated mental health construct of the imprisoned population from 2015 to 2019, and to explore what has been written and researched about it. For that, searches were made in the PubMed, PsyINFO, SciELO, Medline and LILACS databases and 185 articles were retrieved, which were separated by mental health constructs. The most frequent construct observed was “suicide” (n = 25), analyzed in categories, according to its productions. The analysis confirmed suicide as the leading cause of death in prisons worldwide, therefore, its prevention and also the treatment of its ideation and attempt need to be priorities in interventions. As for Study 2, an empirical study was made with the main objective to assess levels of loneliness, its relation with the profile of people who are imprisoned and to verify possible differences by sex. The stratified and random sample consisted of 417 people deprived of their liberty. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, the Brazilian Scale of Loneliness and the PHQ-2. The collection was collective and in person, carried out in the cells. The discussions were based on the theoretical basis of Health and Human Rights Psychology. The results showed a level of mild loneliness for the majority of the prison population studied and, when comparing group differences between men and women, it was observed that they differed in terms of loneliness, with women being lonelier than men. As a care demonstration, the feedbacks involved chocolates, a letter and a primer about loneliness. From Studies 1 and 2, the conclusion shows how important it is to consider loneliness, attempts and suicide in the imprison population, as well as investing in new works on the emotional health of this population. As they continue to be Brazilian citizens, although deprived of their freedom, and who will return to social life at some point, their mental health is of interest to everyone.

Um dos principais impactos do fenômeno do aprisionamento são os prejuízos psíquicos nas pessoas privadas de liberdade. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura cujo objetivo é identificar o construto mais investigado na saúde mental da população prisional no período de 2015 a 2019 e explorar o que tem sido produzido a seu respeto. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados PubMed, PsyINFO, SciELO, Medline e LILACS e recuperados 185 artigos que foram separados por constructos de saúde mental. O constructo mais frequente foi “suicídio” (n = 25), com abordagens de ideação, tentativa e consumação. A análise confirmou o suicídio como a principal causa de morte nas prisões em todo o mundo, portanto, a sua prevenção e o tratamento da ideação e tentativa precisam ser prioridades nas intervenções internacionais. Apesar do Brasil ter a terceira maior população prisional do mundo identificou-se uma lacuna pois foi encontrado apenas um artigo brasileiro sobre saúde mental dessa população e nenhuma sobre a temática de suicídio, denunciando necessidades de estudos posteriores.

One of the main impacts of the imprisonment phenomenon is the psychological damage to people deprived of their liberty. This study is an integrative literature review which aims to identify the most investigated mental health construct of the prison population from 2015 to 2019 and to explore what has been produced about it. For this purpose, searches were carried out in PubMed, PsyINFO, SciELO, Medline and LILACS databases and 185 articles were retrieved, which were separated by mental health constructs. The most frequent construct was “suicide” (n = 25), with 1 Autoras: Vitória Stéfany Teodoro dos Santos e Sabrina Martins Barroso. 16 approaches to its ideation, attempt and consummation. The analysis confirmed suicide as the leading cause of death in prisons worldwide, therefore, its prevention and also the treatment of its ideation and attempt need to be priorities in international interventions. Despite the fact that Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world, a gap was identified, as only one Brazilian article was found about the mental health of prisoners and none about suicide and its relation to the prison population, denouncing the need for further studies.

Por se mostrar uma fonte constante de mal-estar, diversos são os impactos negativos da solidão, tanto no surgimento quanto no agravamento de condições físicas e emocionais dos sujeitos solitários. As penitenciárias são ambientes superlotados de pessoas que atuam como fator de risco para diversos quadros de adoecimento emocional. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar os níveis de solidão, sua relação com o perfil das pessoas que estão presas e verificar possíveis diferenças por sexo. A amostra, estratificada e aleatória, foi composta por 417 pessoas privadas de liberdade e os instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário sociodemográfico e de hábitos de vida, a Escala Brasileira de Solidão e o PHQ-2. A coleta foi presencial, e coletiva, realizada nas celas. As devolutivas envolveram chocolates, uma carta e uma cartilha sobre solidão. Os resultados apontaram nível de solidão leve para a maioria da população prisional estudada e, ao comparar diferenças de grupo entre homens e mulheres, observou-se que diferiam quanto a solidão, sendo as mulheres mais solitárias que os homens. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, portanto, um ponta pé inicial para fomentação de futuros estudos e políticas públicas, pautadas em resultados quantitativos, que combatam a solidão e outras formas de sofrimento psíquico advindas dela na população avaliada.

As it proves to be a constant source of discomfort, there are several negative impacts of loneliness, both in the emergence and in the aggravation of the physical and emotional conditions of the lonely subjects. Penitentiaries are overcrowded environments of people who act as a risk factor for various conditions of emotional illness. The present research aims to assess the levels of loneliness, its 2 Autoras: Vitória Stéfany Teodoro dos Santos e Sabrina Martins Barroso. Artigo submetido ao periódico Psicologia: teoria e pesquisa e aguardando decisão editorial. 46 relationship with the profile of people who are in prison and to verify possible differences by sex. The stratified and random sample consisted of 417 people deprived of their liberty and the instruments used were a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, the Brazilian Scale of Loneliness and the PHQ-2. The collection was collective and in person, carried out in the cells. The feedbacks involved chocolates, a letter and a primer about loneliness. The results showed a level of mild loneliness for the majority of the prison population studied and, when comparing group differences between men and women, it was observed that they differed in terms of loneliness, with women being lonelier than men. It is an exploratory research, therefore, an initial step to foster future studies and public policies, based on quantitative results, that combat loneliness and other forms of psychological suffering arising from it in the evaluated population.