Efeitos da diabetes mellitus na densidade neuronal mioentérica e na expressão de canais de sódio no íleo de ratas

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) may lead to gastrointestinal motility disorders that may become clinically relevant in some patients. Rodent models of DM indicate morpho-functional abnormalities of the enteric nervous system in this disease. In this work, we have evaluated whether experimental DM can lead to changes in excitatory cholinergic efference, neuronal density and voltage-gate sodium channels (Nav) expression in the myenteric plexus of ileum. Streptozotocin-induced hiperglycemia in female rats was allowed to develop during eight weeks. Triple immunofluorescence labeling experiments revealed that the density of neurons per area of ileum in DM was significantly reduced when compared to the control. It were observed average reductions of 52.2% of total neurons (p=0.0001); 50.0% of cholinergic (p=0.0068) and 54.8% of nitrergic neurons (p=0.0042). Significant reductions of neurons per area of ganglion were also observed (28.2% of total, p=0.0002; 27.7% of cholinergic, p=0,0002 and 32.1% of nitrergic neurons, p=0.0016). The cholinergic fibers density at the surface of longitudinal muscle was also significantly reduced (control: 41 ± 2, DM: 24 ± 3%; p=0.003), although western-blot analysis did not indicate a reduction in the expression of ChAT in DM group. The Nav1.6 isoform was detected in different myenteric neurons and DM tended to shift the immunolabeling pattern towards neurons of bigger size (297.4 ± 10 vs. 372.5 ± 8.4 m2), but this effect was not significant (p=0.3). RT-qPCR data did not suggest an alteration of transcripts for ChAT, nNOS, Nav1.3, Nav1.6 or Nav1.7. Our data support the view that chronic DM leads to reduction in excitatory cholinergic fibers and neuronal density. However, changes in sodium channel expression profiling, which could lead to neuronal dysfunction, were not detected.