Comparação do efeito do treinamento combinado e do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade com peso corporal sobre a composição corporal, função física e perfil inflamatório em mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa: um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

Abstract

This study compared the effects of high-intensity interval training with body weight (HIIT) with the effects of combined training (CT) on body composition, serum inflammation and physical function markers in obese postmenopausal women (PW) for 12 weeks. 26 PW were randomized in: CT (n=13) and HIIT (n=13). For body composition evaluation the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning was used. For serum inflammation markers evaluation, the enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay was used. For physical function evaluation, muscle strength (MS) was measured by the one repetition maximum (1RM), the fast walking speed (FWS) was measured by the one-mile walk test and the balance test, four-meters usual walking speed test and five-time chair stand test (CST) was measured by the short physical performance battery (SPPB). The nutritional habits were measured by a questionnaire. All assessments were measured pre and post study. Both groups trained for 12 weeks for three times a week. The CT group (training length ~ 60 minutes) performed 30 minutes of walking (70% of maximum heart rate (MHR) or adapted rated perceived exertion (BORG 0-10) scale between 5-6) and five resistance exercises at 70% of 1RM (three sets of 8-12 repetitions). The HIIT group (training length ~ 30 minutes) performed ten sets of 60 seconds of high-intensity exercises (> 80 % MHR or adapted BORG > 7) interspersed with a recovery period of 60 seconds of low intensity exercise (light walk). Both groups increased the SPPB score (CT pre: 12.0 [Interquartile range (IQ) 10.5–12.0], CT post: 12.0 [IQ 12.0–12.0], with four positive cases; and HIIT pre: 11.0 [IQ 10.0–12.0], HIIT post: 12.0 [IQ 11.0–12.0], with six positive cases and one negative case), interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (ra) (CT: 213.3 pg/ml [Confidence interval of 95% (CI) 103.1–323.5] and HIIT: 191.6 pg/ml [CI 95.7–287.6]), appendicular lean mass (ALM) (CT: 0.5 kg [IC 0.2–0.8) e HIIT: 0.3 kg [IC -0.1–0.7]) and reduced the CST time (CT: -3.2 seconds [CI -4.4– -1.9] e HIIT: -3.0 seconds [CI -4.8– -1.2]), leptin (CT: -3911.2 pg/ml [IC -11621.4–3798.9] e HIIT: -4982.4 pg/ml [IC -9778.8–-186.0]) and body fat (CT: -0.3% [IC (-0.8–0.2] e HIIT: -0.7% [IC -1.5–0.0]). Only CT increased MS (14.6 kg [CI 8.6–20.6]) and FWS (0.08 m/s [CI 0.04–0.1]) and reduced adiponectin (-2.1 μg/ml [CI -3.1– -0.6]). The FWS change was explained by MS (36%) changes only in CT. Only the HIIT group reduced visceral fat (VF) (-0.1 kg [CI -0.2– -0.1]) and increased IL-6 (1.2 pg/ml [CI 0.4–2.1]). The VF change explained the IL-6 (56%), IL-1ra (65%), adiponectin (30%) and leptin (35%) changes only in HIIT. There were no changes in the nutritional habits.Thus, HIIT is an alternative strategy for improvements on body composition, serum inflammation and physical function markers in obese PW.