Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica de recém-nascidos com enterocolite necrosante

Abstract

Backgroud: Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a serious inflammatory disorder that affects the entire gastrointestinal system, particularly the ileum, and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The incidence of the disease is variable and the mortality rate varies between 20 and 30%. Objective: To outline the clinical and epidemiological profile of newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from 2010 to 2017, admitted to the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (NPICU) of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (HC -UFTM). Method: The present study is quantitative, descriptive and retrospective documentary, with a case-control type design. A total of 94 patients who developed NEC (cases) and 60 patients who did not develop the disease during hospitalization (control) were selected. The analyzed variables were divided into maternal and neonatal, and frequency tests were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and comparative analysis using the GraphPad Prism® 5.0 program test. Results: When performing the adjusted analysis, considering p <0.05, only the maternal variable number of prenatal consultations remained statistically significant (OR 1,252; p=0,039). Regarding the neonatal variables, when the adjusted analysis was performed, the following presented statistical significance: length of hospital stay (OR 0,977; p=0,011), time of total parenteral nutrition use (OR 1,071; p=0,038), time of antibiotic use (OR 1,048; p=0,008) and type of diet (OR 8,636; p=0,001). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the aspects that determine the incidence of NEC may have several factors than those that influence its severity. ECN is a child's disease, but maternal characteristics may be related to its onset.