Presenteísmo, absenteísmo e os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho entre servidores em cargos de gestão de uma universidade federal brasileira

Abstract

Work is essential for the individual, but several factors related to work can impact the physical and mental health of workers. Among the types of absence from work, absenteeism-illness can provide clues as to how the organizational context contributes to the health-disease process. The opposite of absenteeism is presenteeism, which can be defined as the physical presence of the worker in their work environment, despite being affected by a physical and/or mental health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of psychosocial work aspects - stress at work and burnout syndrome with presenteeism and absenteeism-illness among servants in management positions at the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro. To this end, all servers in management positions were invited to fill out an online questionnaire with sociodemographic and work-related questions. The sample consisted of 106 managers. Presenteeism was observed in 51.9% of the group, 45.2% of presenteeists showed a decrease in the performance of work activities due to presenteeism. A total of 42.9% of managers were classified as having high work demand, 55.7% with low work control and 59.6% with low social support. Burnout syndrome was present in 10.5% of the group, with a frequency of 23.3% for high emotional distancing, 39.1% for high emotional exhaustion, 51.1% for low personal accomplishment, and 53.5% for high dehumanization. Absenteeism was observed in 20.8% of the group. For managers with low social support, an association was observed between increased emotional distancing, decreased dehumanization and greater chances of presenteeism. Among managers with high social support, the increase in demand scores was associated with higher chance of presenteeism. For the presenteeist subsample, statistically significant associations were observed between decreased control, increased emotional exhaustion and dehumanization and greater chances of loss of performance due to presenteeism Based on this diagnosis, a technical report was prepared with proposals to mitigate psychosocial risks in the work environment and to reduce the loss of productivity related to presenteeism. It is expected that the results obtained in this public institution arouse the interest of senior management, managers and researchers, in addition to allowing future comparisons with results of studies carried out in other public institutions.