Diagnóstico de qualidade da água por associação de biomonitoramento com macroinvertebrados bentônicos e características topográficas da Bacia Hidrográfica

Abstract

The surroundings of the rivers (land use) influence the water quality and the biota! Failure to respect the suitability of land use has generated environmental conflicts, which impact the water quality and biota of the aquatic environment. Ignoring land use aptitude favors the occurrence of laminar erosion, which tends to transport sediment to be deposited in water sources. Thus, with the increase in the concentration of nutrients among other compounds, it tends to change the water quality. The greatest impacts on macroinvertebrate groups are associated with changes in water quality, such as: temperature, oxygen saturation (%), turbidity, total suspended solids, nitrates, phosphate sulfates, conductivity and dissolved oxygen, as well as changes due to the absence of riparian vegetation. This study aimed to describe the use and occupation of land and their respective conflict uses, as well as the morphometric characteristics of the Ribeirão Ponte Alta Basin, using remote sensing techniques combined with the assessment of water quality by biomonitoring. The characterization of land use and occupation was carried out by interpreting images from orbital sensors from the Planet Team platform (2017). The morphometric representation was by MDE - (Digital Elevation Model) of the Alos Palsar platform, both were processed using GIS QGIS software. To carry out the biological and physicochemical analyses, eight sampling points were selected along the Ribeirão Ponte Alta. Biomonitoring was carried out using benthic macroinvertebrates. The river water quality was estimated by analysis of physical-chemical parameters and rapid assessment protocol - PAR associated with data obtained with GIS tools. Water contamination was evidenced by the PAR at all points, except S4, while the BMWP indicated stations S2 and S3 with the highest level of contamination. The results show that in places where soil conflict is used, and there is no vegetation, the environment presents higher levels of contamination. In relation to the relief classification, 48.90% of the basin's extension has a smooth-wavy relief.