Autopercepção de saúde e estilo de vida de professores da educação básica durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

Basic education teachers are one of the professionals who suffer the most health problems, almost always related to lifestyle. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they made their home their work environment and had to adapt to the new distance learning modality. In this way, the workload of these professionals was intensified and may have caused even greater harm to physical and mental health. Given this, the objective was to develop two articles to search the literature for information on the self-perceived health of basic education teachers and to evaluate the self-perceived health and lifestyle of basic education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the first integrative literature review article, a search was carried out in the databases Pubmed, Lilacs, Embase, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus and Cinahl, targeting articles published in any period or language. Strategies were used based on terms taken from the Descriptors in Health Sciences and Medical Subject Headings “School Teachers”, “Self-image” and “Health”, the search was carried out in January 2023. The second article is a cross-sectional study carried out with Basic Education teachers who work in schools registered with the regional teaching superintendency of Uberaba - Minas Gerais, from August 2020 to December 2021. The review resulted in twelve articles and the majority showed high rates 85.7% of teachers with good/very good/excellent health perception. However, they are exposed to sociodemographic, work, infrastructure factors and a poor lifestyle with inadequate diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, high BMI, chronic diseases, as well as depression and anxiety. The cross-sectional study was carried out with 188 teachers and found a prevalence of female participants 95.2%, mean age of 45.71 (SD = 8.13) years, married/in a stable union 53.7% and with a postgraduate degree 66.5%. Regarding teachers' self-perception of health, 54.3% had a very good/good perception and 45.7% a fair/bad/very bad perception, 63.3% had a good/very good/excellent lifestyle, 43.1% had poor sleep, 34.6% had sleep disorders, 47.3% were very active/active, 52.6% insufficiently active/sedentary, 58.5% had an average of more than one medication (1.45) and an average of 2.48 of diagnosed diseases. In the assessment of teachers' lifestyle during the pandemic according to (Q8RN), teachers had lower scores in the domains: nutrition and exercise and the worst score was for temperance. Studies show that most teachers perceive health and lifestyle as being good, but that they have factors that are harmful to health. It is worth mentioning that compared to the integrative review study, teachers' self-perception of good health during the pandemic decreased and, combined with a lifestyle with bad habits, may have contributed to the appearance of diseases or injuries. The information from these studies can help further research that monitors the effects of isolation on teachers' health and contribute to authorities in developing strategies that improve the working conditions, lifestyle and health of these professionals.